Relation of the Production of an Active Emanation to Respiration in the Avocado Fruit

Pratt, Harlan K.; Biale, J. B.

doi:10.1104/pp.19.3.519

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A influência da temperatura sobre o processo de maturação do abacate é conhecida, principalmente através de estudos feitos por BIALE (1941); PRATT & BIALE (1944), e BIALE & YOUNG (1962, em abacateiros da cultivar 'Fuerte', na Califórnia, mostrando que o abaixamento da temperatura diminui o processo respiratório, aumentando dessa maneira o período de maturação.…”

Section: Resultados ε Discussãounclassified

Influência ecológica no desenvolvimento do fruto e no teor de óleo na polpa do abacate (Persea americana Miller)

Lucchesi

Montenegro

1975

An. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz

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RESUMOConduziu-se, um experimento para verificar a evolução do teor de óleo na polpa do abacate, em três regiões ecologicamente diferentes do Estado de São Paulo (Novo Horizonte, Limeira e Itapetininga), com a finalidade de se determinar o estágio adequado de colheita dos frutos para um maior rendimento industrial na produção de óleo.Em cada região, utilizou-se três pomares e em cada pomar selecionou-se cinco árvores das cultivares 'Wagner, 'Prince' e 'Collinson', co¬ lhendo-se dois frutos de cada árvore, que no conjunto (dez frutos) formaram a amostra a ser analisada, para cada cultivar.Efetuaram-se colheitas em épocas predeterminadas, visando a aná-lise do desenvolvimento do fruto, desde a sua formação até a época de maturação. Efetuou-se também análises em amostras deixadas amadurecer até o ponto de consumo (polpa mole).Através dos estudos realizados, verificou-se que o clima da região exerce influência no ciclo de frutificação (do florescimento à maturação) do abacate. Relacionando-se as regiões estudadas, em uma determinada data, os frutos se apresentavam em diferentes graus de desenvolvimento fisiológico, mais adiantados na região mais quente e mais atrasados na região mais fria.No estágio final de maturação do abacate, constatou-se uma influência do clima sobre o teor de óleo na polpa. Considera-se que o fator climático a influenciar o teor de óleo foi provavelmente a temperatura, determinando teores mais elevados na região mais fria.Foi observado que a evolução do teor de óleo na polpa do abacate se processa lentamente no início, acentuando-se no final do desenvolvimento do fruto. Constatou-se aumento no teor de óleo na polpa, enquanto o abacate permaneceu na árvore.Não foi constatado influência das características do solo, dos tratos culturais e da idade dos pomares sobre o teor de óleo na polpa do a¬ bacate. INTRODUÇÃOA cultura do abacateiro, Persea americana Miller, recebeu nesses últimos anos notá-vel incremento.

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Section: Resultados ε Discussãounclassified

Influência ecológica no desenvolvimento do fruto e no teor de óleo na polpa do abacate (Persea americana Miller)

Lucchesi

Montenegro

1975

An. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz

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“…The production of a physiologically active emanation by ripening fruits has frequently been demonstrated by biological tests, including leaf epinasty, respiration effects, potato sprout abnormalities, and the triple response of etiolated legume seedlings (11). HUELIN (8) first noted the analogy between these effects and those produced by small concentrations of ethylene, and GANE (4,5) first showed by chemical means that the active volatile substance produced by apples was actually ethylene gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inferential proof, partly chemical and partly biological, that ethylene is produced by pears was achieved by HANSEN and HARTMAN (7), and NIEDERL, BRENNER, and KJLlJEY (10) demonstrated ethylene production by bananas. PRATT and BIALE (11) found that the climacteric rise in carbon dioxide production by ripening avocado fruits was accompanied by a cycle of production of a gas, presumably ethylene, which caused the triple response of etiolated pea seedlings. The purpose of the present study was to identify chemically this active emanation and to develop a technique which would simplify the isolation and identification of ethylene as a probable volatile product of other fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification of Ethylene as a Volatile Product of Ripening Avocados

Pratt¹,

Young²,

Biale³

1948

Plant Physiol.

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“…Most studies are done using closed systems (e.g. 7, 8, 11, 15 12,13,15). The tissue produces ethylene continuously and is exposed to constantly changing ethylene concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluctuation in CO2 concentration could affect the rates of ethylene production (9, 10). The decreased 02 levels may also suppress ethylene production (3,12,13,15). The tissue produces ethylene continuously and is exposed to constantly changing ethylene concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Cuvette Design for Measurement of Ethylene Production and Carbon Dioxide Exchange by Intact Shoots under Controlled Environmental Conditions

Bassi¹,

Spencer²

1979

Plant Physiol.

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A cuvette is described for simultaneous measurement of ethylene production and CO2 fixation by intact shoots under controOed enviromental conditions. This design overcomes potential problems associated with closed systems conventionaUly used for studies on ethylene production, allowing accurate determination of rates of ethylene production in plants exposed to different environmental conditions. There has been considerable interest in recent years in studying the roles of ethylene in different stages of plant growth and development (1). Many plant responses can be elicited by very low concentrations of ethylene. Much progress has been made in development of techniques for ethylene analysis; it is now possible to determine a fraction of a nanoliter of ethylene with gas chromatography. Even smaller amounts of ethylene in air can be determined by collection of the ethylene on an adsorbent before gas chromatographic analysis (5,6).However, little work has been done to improve the experimental techniques for studies of ethylene evolution from plants. Most studies are done using closed systems (e.g. 7, 8, 11, 15 12,13,15). The tissue produces ethylene continuously and is exposed to constantly changing ethylene concentrations. Also, hydrocarbon contaminants are present in room air and in most commercially available gases, including compressed air and CO2. Thus, even in the few studies done using continuous flow systems, there has been inadequate control over hydrocarbons. We have recently reported (6) an efficient method for removing hydrocarbons from an air stream through the use of metal catalysts at high temperatures. In addition to the problem associated with contamination of the air stream, a cuvette recently described (5) does not provide for selective sealing of the shoot, adequate air circulation, and temperature control.To our knowledge, no hydrocarbon-free cuvette has been de- ' We wish to thank the National Research Council of Canada for Grant A-1451 to MSS in aid of this research.signed for accurate measurement of ethylene production from intact plant shoots. The cuvettes used for CO2 exchange studies invariably rely on rubber and plastics and hence are of little use for ethylene studies. Even in CO2 exchange studies, the variation in ethylene concentration could lead to erroneous conclusions. In this paper, we describe a cuvette that allows simultaneous measurement of CO2 exchange and ethylene production by intact shoots of plants under controlled environments.The cuvette (Fig. 1) We have tried "O" rings ofdifferent materials such as Neoprene, Viton, and natural rubber, but they were all found to contaminate the air stream with ethylene. For example, when a natural rubber gasket was used to seal the cuvette, it produced 4.74 nl/h ethylene when exposed to a balanced spectrum of light. The level of ethylene declined to 0.96 nl/h I h after the lights were switched off. Ethylene production completely subsided after 24 h, only to resume again when the lights were turned back on. Silicone rubber di...

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Relation of the Production of an Active Emanation to Respiration in the Avocado Fruit

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Influência ecológica no desenvolvimento do fruto e no teor de óleo na polpa do abacate (Persea americana Miller)

Influência ecológica no desenvolvimento do fruto e no teor de óleo na polpa do abacate (Persea americana Miller)

The Identification of Ethylene as a Volatile Product of Ripening Avocados

A Cuvette Design for Measurement of Ethylene Production and Carbon Dioxide Exchange by Intact Shoots under Controlled Environmental Conditions

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