Relation of DASH- and Mediterranean-like dietary patterns to cognitive decline in older persons

Tangney, Christy; Li, Hong; Wang, Yamin; Barnes, Lisa L.; Schneider, Julie A.; Bennett, David A.; Morris, Martha Clare

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000884

Cited by 217 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Low adherence was associated with poorer performance on the backward digit span test, phenomic fluency test (38), clock-drawing test (58), Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status test (44), MMSE (33,37,55,56,58), Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and East Boston Test (55). Low adherence also was associated with worse global cognition, verbal memory (36,44), and immediate and delayed recall (48); and less limitation on mental health (42). One of the 18 longitudinal studies showed that the MD was marginally protective against cognitive decline and one found a small improvement in the composite cognitive function score (46,53).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MD also was related to better global cognitive function (55) and a slower rate of global cognitive decline (48). Three cross-sectional studies measured cognitive function and decline, and it was shown that each Mediterranean diet score unit increase corresponded to a higher composite z score [b = 0.013; P = 0.05; the composite cognitive z score summarizes combined performance in memory, language, processing speed, and visuospatial ability (31,42,48)]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Petersson

Philippou

2016

Advances in Nutrition

328

189

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A growing body of evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia. Many epidemiologic studies and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found positive effects of the MD on cognitive function, but findings remain inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the effects of the MD on cognitive function, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease (AD), and all-type dementia. Five databases were searched-PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO (1806 to 25 May 2015)-with the use of prespecified criteria. Human studies that were published in English without any restriction on study type, population assessed, intervention period, follow-up time, or publication date, and that examined the association between adherence to the MD and cognitive function or dementia symptoms (as measured by cognitive function tests), were included. Only primary publication types were included. Thirty-two studies from 25 unique cohorts, including 5 RCTs and 27 observational studies, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies showed that the MD was associated with improved cognitive function, a decreased risk of cognitive impairment or decreased risk of dementia, or AD. Three studies found no correlation between the MD and AD, 3 further studies found no association between the MD and cognitive impairment, and 5 studies found no association between the MD and cognitive function. There was large heterogeneity, and studies differed with regard to quality. Based on the findings and the limitations in study design, we conclude that adherence to the MD is associated with better cognitive performance. However, it should be noted that the majority of findings come from epidemiologic studies that provide evidence for a correlation between the MD and cognition but not for a cause-and-effect relation. More controlled trials are required to establish a causational relation. Adv Nutr 2016;7:889-904.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Petersson

Philippou

2016

Advances in Nutrition

328

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The included papers consisted of two cross-sectional studies, 29,33 two cross-sectional/prospective studies, 10,30 and 11 prospective studies. 3,5,11,12,31,32,[34][35][36][37][38] In line with our specified inclusion criteria for reviewed studies, and with the findings of Lourida et al 15 we classified the findings of Scarmeas et al 5 and Wengreen et al 32 as prospective.…”

Section: Papers Included In the Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive functioning: A systematic review of study findings and neuropsychological assessment methodology

Knight

Bryan

Murphy

2016

Nutritional Neuroscience

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“…We used linear mixed-effect models to estimate the associations of global FA and MD scores to changes in MMSE over the follow-up periods, taking into account the effect of random intercept and random slope. 20 We included FA/MD, time (i.e., follow-up time in years from the date of baseline survey to the date of follow-up), covariates, and an interaction term of FA/MD 3 time. The coefficient for time represents the average annual rate of change in MMSE score, and the coefficient for the interaction term estimates the difference in average annual rate of MMSE change associated with the difference in FA/MD score.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 on white matter integrity and cognitive decline

et al. 2015

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Objective: To investigate the effects of vascular risk factors and APOE status on white matter microstructure, and subsequent cognitive decline among older people.Methods: This study included 241 participants (age 60 years and older) from the populationbased Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden, who were free of dementia and stroke at baseline (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004). We collected data through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on diffusion tensor imaging, and estimated volume of white matter hyperintensities using automatic segmentation. We assessed global cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and at 3-and/or 6-year follow-up. We analyzed the data using multivariate linear regression and linear mixed models.Results: Heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with lower FA or higher MD (p , 0.05). When aggregating heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes together with current smoking, having an increasing number of these 4 factors concurrently was associated with decreasing FA and increasing MD (p trend , 0.01), independent of white matter hyperintensities. Vascular risk factors and APOE e4 allele interacted to negatively affect white matter microstructure; having multiple ($2) vascular factors was particularly detrimental to white matter integrity among APOE e4 carriers. Lower tertile of FA and upper tertile of MD were significantly associated with faster Mini-Mental State Examination decline.Conclusions: Vascular risk factors are associated with reduced white matter integrity among older adults, which subsequently predicted faster cognitive decline. The detrimental effects of vascular risk factors on white matter microstructure were exacerbated among APOE e4 carriers. Neurology ® 2015;84:1128-1135 GLOSSARY DTI 5 diffusion tensor imaging; FA 5 fractional anisotropy; MD 5 mean diffusivity; MMSE 5 Mini-Mental State Examination; SNAC-K 5 Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen; WMH 5 white matter hyperintensity.Population-based studies have linked some individual vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and diabetes) to reduced microstructural white matter integrity.1-3 However, few studies have explored the relationship of clustering vascular risk factors to white matter microstructure. This is important because vascular factors often occur concurrently in older people. Moreover, as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and reduced white matter microstructure may share a common ischemic origin, it is of interest to explore whether associations between vascular risk factors and lower microstructural white matter integrity are independent of WMH.Vascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline in aging, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. 4 One possibility is that vascular risk factors may cause cognitive decline by conferring detrimental impact on white matter mi...

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Relation of DASH- and Mediterranean-like dietary patterns to cognitive decline in older persons

Cited by 217 publications

References 41 publications

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

The Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive functioning: A systematic review of study findings and neuropsychological assessment methodology

Effects of vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 on white matter integrity and cognitive decline

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