xercise intolerance is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and is predictive of all-cause mortality and hospitalizations. 1,2 Discouraging a sedentary lifestyle and promoting physical activity have both been shown to improve functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome. 3,4 Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) restores the cardiac electro-mechanical synchrony, leading to improved pumping function in HF patients with ventricular conduction disturbances. Consequently, CRT is able to increase functional capacity, exercise tolerance, 5,6 and aerobic capacity, 7 to delay the onset of anaerobic metabolism, 5 and to decrease the sympathetic drive of the heart. 8 All these effects have been reported mainly in CRT patients with sinus rhythm (SR) within a few months after device implantation. 5,6 Long-term exercise data in HF patients treated with CRT are limited. Furthermore, etiology-, rhythm-, diabetes-, and age-related differences in the improvement in functionCirculation Journal Vol.71, December 2007 al capacity after CRT have not yet been fully evaluated.The 6-min walking test is frequently used to assess submaximal exercise capacity in HF patients treated with CRT. 5,9 However, the distance walked is influenced by several factors, including patient motivation, coaching, anatomical limitations, and physical training. Furthermore, in HF patients variability in the distance walked between 2 subsequent tests is frequently observed. 10 In contrast, symptom-limited exercise testing, eventually combined with an assessment of oxygen consumption, is influenced by familiarity with the test and may not reflect the patient's spontaneous daily physical activity, plus its routine determination is costly and time-consuming.Recent technological advances have made device-based monitoring of physical activity possible using data collected through the device's sensors. 11 Short-term, continuous, device-based monitoring of physical activity has proven to be feasible, although in a limited number of patients to date. 12 Because each device uses proprietary technology and analysis algorithms, the results obtained with 1 device may not be entirely applicable to other devices. Finally, whether this monitoring remains of value over the long term and in different subgroups of HF patients is unknown. It has been shown that the Activity Log Index (ALI), which quantifies body movement based on data derived from accelerometers built into the device, reliably tracks changes in the daily, spontaneous physical activity of patients with advanced HF. In addition, the ALI is well correlated with the distance walked within 6 min. 11 The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the validity of long-term device-based monitoring of physical activity in advanced HF patients treated with CRT. Further-
Activity Monitoring in Heart Failure Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization TherapyMihoko Kawabata, MD, PhD ‡, *; Cecilia Fantoni, MD* , **; Francois Regoli, MD*; Santi Raffa, MD*; Francesca Pastori, MD*; Simona Fratini, MD, Ph...