Relation of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake to gallstone disease in middle-aged Japanese men

Abstract

A possible protective effect of coffee or caffeine intake in the formation of gallstones has been suggested in some epidemiological studies. We examined the relation of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake to gallstone disease in middle-aged Japanese men, distinguishing known gallstones from unknown diagnosed gallstones. Study subjects were 174 cases of gallstones as determined by ultrasonography, 104 cases of postcholecystectomy, and 6889 controls of normal gallbladder in the total of 7637 men who received a health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF). Of the 174 cases of prevalent gallstones, 50 had been aware of having gallstones. Previously diagnosed gallstones and postcholecystectomy were combined as known gallstone disease. The consumption of coffee and green tea was ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire, and caffeine intake was estimated. Statistical adjustment was done for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, rank in the SDF, and hospital. Coffee and caffeine intake were associated each with a statistically significant increase in the prevalence odds of known gallstone disease, but unrelated to newly diagnosed gallstones. Adjusted odds ratios of known gallstone disease were 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8) for coffee consumption of five cups or more per day vs. no consumption and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3-3.7) for caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more vs. less than 100 mg/day. The consumption of green-tea showed no material association with either unknown gallstones or known gallstone disease. The findings do not support a hypothesis that coffee drinking may be protective against gallstone formation.

Tea drinking and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population‐based case–control study in Shanghai, China

“…[11][12][13][14] In this report, we evaluate the effect of tea consumption on the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones as part of a large population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, where the incidence rates for these cancers have risen sharply in recent years.…”

“…[7][8][9][10] Results of epidemiologic studies examining the association between tea consumption and biliary tract cancer have been mixed, perhaps due to the small number of cases, different types of tea consumed and lack of data on potential confounding factors, such as gallstone disease, diet and cigarette smoking. [11][12][13][14] In this report, we evaluate the effect of tea consumption on the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones as part of a large population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, where the incidence rates for these cancers have risen sharply in recent years. 1,15 Material and methods…”

Nutrition Therapy Regulates Caffeine Metabolism with Relevance to NAFLD and Induction of Type 3 Diabetes

“…The membrane interactions of caffeine may be completely abnormal with relevance to LPS induced membrane alterations. LPS and caffeine may interfere with hepatic cholesterol levels (Figure 4) with relevance to bile acid metabolism [151][152][153][154][155] and induction of NAFLD [156][157][158] in the developing world. Repression of Sirt 1 in cells is responsible for major intracellular defects and caffeine induced mitochondrial apoptosis relevant to adipogenesis defects [31,32] related to NAFLD with NAFLD to reach 30% of the developing world [159][160][161][162].…”

Benefícios do café na saúde: mito ou realidade?

“…139 Adicionalmente, estudos metabólicos mostraram que a ingestão de café estimula a libertação da hormona colecistoquinina e a contracção da vesícula biliar. 140 Um dos factores que poderá estar na origem da inconsistência dos resultados poderá ser o tipo de bebida consumida. Alguns processos de extracção originam uma bebida mais rica em diterpenos (Figura 4), compostos com acção hipercolesterolémica (como será detalhado adiante), sendo o aumento do colesterol um factor preponderante na formação de cálculos biliares.…”