Relation between surface tension of metals and their electron structure characteristics

Samsonov, G. V.; Krasnov, A. N.

doi:10.1007/bf00716958

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The normalized results are shown in Figure and reveal a significant increase in the visible absorption suggesting a phase separation between both elements. We believe that, upon heating, Au segregates toward the NP surface due to its lower surface tension and its lattice mismatch with Co and thus gradually reaches a core−shell state of minimum energy. Overall, this leads to a reduction of the effective contact surface between these two materials and helps to partially recover the expected atomic moment per Co atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These chemical processes also require environmentally unfriendly reducing agents and can leave impurities inside the NPs and on their surface. For materials without affinities such as Co and Au (different lattice parameters and surface tensions 15 ), this often leads to the formation of non uniform shells. 2 A laser-assisted approach has been proposed 12 resulting in uniform Au shell around a Fe core by selectively heating and fragmenting Au NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoclustered Co−Au Particles Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Fragmentation in Liquids

2010

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Heterostructured nanoparticles, consisting of Au and Co nanoclusters, have been synthesized by a two-step femtosecond laser technique. Au and Co targets were ablated and fragmented in acetone resulting in nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11 nm. Particles showed concomitant optical characteristics of Au and magnetic properties of Co. Energy dispersive X-ray scattering confirmed the presence of both material in each nanoparticle and showed that the relative concentration of Au and Co can be controlled. Unalloyed Au nanoclusters are estimated to be 1.5 nm from X-ray diffraction measurement of the 220 peak width and position. Pure Co nanoparticles have a room temperature magnetization of 28 emu/g, much lower than the bulk value of 143 emu/g, probably due to surface oxidation. In the bimetallic nanostructures, Au replaced oxidized Co and protected the core from oxidation. Nanoparticles consisting of 68% Co and 32% Au showed a magnetization of 51.3 emu/g which represents a 83% increase per Co atom compared to pure Co nanoparticles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoclustered Co−Au Particles Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Fragmentation in Liquids

2010

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“…Although a slight difference exists between the experimental and the theoretical values, the derived equation looks acceptable because the system is simple and the difference is expected. The surface tension of other metals from the d-block have been calculated at their melting points and compared with the reported experimental data (Table I), Ti, [23,24] Zr, [23,24] Fe, [25][26][27] Co, [25,26,28] Ni, [25,26,29] Cu, [25,30,31] Zn, [25] Cd, [25,32] Ag, [25,26,33] Au, [26,34,35] Pd, [26,36] and Pt. [34] The calculated surface tension values of all metals have been plotted against their melting points ( Figure 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Theoretical Calculations of the Surface Tension of Liquid Transition Metals

Aqra

Ayyad

2010

Metall Mater Trans B

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The surface tension of pure liquid mercury in the temperature range 273 K to 523 K (0°C to 250 C°) was calculated using our previously reported equation. The results were compared with the experimental data and showed a good agreement. The surface tension of mercury decreases linearly with temperature, confirming a negative slope, and therefore shows the usual linear temperature dependence. The calculated surface excess entropy (0.21) is in excellent consistence with the experimental value (0.22). The surface tension also was calculated for many d-block metals (Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) at their melting points. The calculated values were compared with the existing experimental data.Interfacial and surface properties of condensed matter phases are important from both fundamental and technological points of view. [1] Studies on surface properties and their relation to macro and microscopic phenomena have been done. [2][3][4][5][6] The surface energy and the work functions are the two most fundamental electronic properties of a metallic surface, and their determination is of great importance in the understanding of a wide range of surface phenomena. These two quantities can be calculated from the surface tension of liquid metals. [7] Based on the present experience, it may be argued that, for properties as difficult to assess experimentally as surface properties, theoretical calculations have reached a stage in which they may form the most consistent basis for a physical description of surface phenomena. The surface tension of liquid metals is an essential thermophysical property relating strongly to various phenomena associated with liquid metal processing operations. Many materials technologies are influenced by the surface tension of a liquid metal. In the field of process science, accurate and reliable data on the surface tension of all liquid metals are required.The model of the surface tension of liquid metals must be accurate and universal.We recently have derived a theoretical equation for the calculation of surface tension of pure liquid metals, which was applied for pure liquid Ga. [8] In continuation to this work, it was considered worthwhile to increase the success of our equation by applying it to other liquid metals. Therefore, this article describes a theoretical calculation of the surface tension of pure liquid mercury as a function of temperature. In addition, the manuscript reports the calculation of the surface tension of various d-block metals at their melting points, such as Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt. The obtained theoretical values are strictly compared with the experimental reported data.The theoretical consideration, here, is based on classical statistical thermodynamics formulation of Eyring and coworkers. [9][10][11] Their theory is focused on the assumption that the metal after melting acquires vacancies that are moving freely through the melt and that short-range order exists in the liquid. [9][10][11] The thermodynamic properties of th...

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Thermodynamic analysis of nanoparticle size effect on catalytic kinetics

Murzin

2009

Chemical Engineering Science

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Relation between surface tension of metals and their electron structure characteristics

Cited by 4 publications

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Nanoclustered Co−Au Particles Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Fragmentation in Liquids

Nanoclustered Co−Au Particles Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Fragmentation in Liquids

Theoretical Calculations of the Surface Tension of Liquid Transition Metals

Thermodynamic analysis of nanoparticle size effect on catalytic kinetics

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