“…The increase in temperature accelerates the molecular thermodynamic movement and makes the diffuse coefficient rise. The galvanic sensor is a reliable detection tool for internal pipeline corrosion monitoring, and it is stable in the intrinsic aggressive environment, database accumulation in multifarious corrosion environment [12,13,116 118]. Figure 10 (a) Schematic diagram of galvanic sensor measurement (authors original image), galvanic sensor examples for corrosion analysis at the interface: (b) galvanic current relationship with dissolved oxygen and temperature (reproduced with permission [12] Copyright 2008, Elsevier) and (c) galvanic sensor on under insulation pipeline (reproduced with permission [77] by email).…”
Section: Interface Corrosion Sensing and Monitoring Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The increase in temperature accelerates the molecular thermodynamic movement and makes the diffuse coefficient rise. The galvanic sensor is a reliable detection tool for internal pipeline corrosion monitoring, and it is stable in the intrinsic aggressive environment, database accumulation in multifarious corrosion environment [12,13,[116][117][118].…”
Detecting and monitoring of corrosion is one of the major challenges in insulated metallic structures or structures with one or more than one interface. This review paper aims to consolidate scattered literature on laboratory system-based corrosion measurement at the interface region. There are range of sensor-based detection and monitoring methods (active, passive) for corrosion rate analysis, including those which measures a surrogate, i.e. quantifying moisture, temperature, pH and qualify other changes or degradations at the interface. With the emergence of a novel application of advanced sensing methods, this review also presents the possibility of the application of hybrid and multifunctional sensing methods at the interfaces, aimed at advancing corrosion monitoring at the interface region. Key research areas of development relating to the application of combination of other materials (e.g. metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, piezoelectric) as potential sensors and their impact on existing practices in the field are identified.
“…The increase in temperature accelerates the molecular thermodynamic movement and makes the diffuse coefficient rise. The galvanic sensor is a reliable detection tool for internal pipeline corrosion monitoring, and it is stable in the intrinsic aggressive environment, database accumulation in multifarious corrosion environment [12,13,116 118]. Figure 10 (a) Schematic diagram of galvanic sensor measurement (authors original image), galvanic sensor examples for corrosion analysis at the interface: (b) galvanic current relationship with dissolved oxygen and temperature (reproduced with permission [12] Copyright 2008, Elsevier) and (c) galvanic sensor on under insulation pipeline (reproduced with permission [77] by email).…”
Section: Interface Corrosion Sensing and Monitoring Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The increase in temperature accelerates the molecular thermodynamic movement and makes the diffuse coefficient rise. The galvanic sensor is a reliable detection tool for internal pipeline corrosion monitoring, and it is stable in the intrinsic aggressive environment, database accumulation in multifarious corrosion environment [12,13,[116][117][118].…”
Detecting and monitoring of corrosion is one of the major challenges in insulated metallic structures or structures with one or more than one interface. This review paper aims to consolidate scattered literature on laboratory system-based corrosion measurement at the interface region. There are range of sensor-based detection and monitoring methods (active, passive) for corrosion rate analysis, including those which measures a surrogate, i.e. quantifying moisture, temperature, pH and qualify other changes or degradations at the interface. With the emergence of a novel application of advanced sensing methods, this review also presents the possibility of the application of hybrid and multifunctional sensing methods at the interfaces, aimed at advancing corrosion monitoring at the interface region. Key research areas of development relating to the application of combination of other materials (e.g. metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, piezoelectric) as potential sensors and their impact on existing practices in the field are identified.
“…TO is characterized by fast drying speed, light specific gravity, good gloss, strong adhesion, acid resistance, heat resistance, rust resistance, corrosion resistance, and non-conduciveness [8,9]. Moreover, TO has an economic value, high application value of degradable biomass resources in biodiesel [10][11][12], tougheners [13], self-healing coatings [14][15][16][17][18][19], self-healing microcapsules [20][21][22][23][24], solubilizes [25], adhesives [26], films [27], soaps, and pesticides. TO is used as the main raw material for the manufacture of grease paint, such as alkyd resin paint, epoxy resin paint, and phenolic resin paint modifier.…”
Tung oil (TO)/ultraviolet (UV) photo-composite curing material possesses the characteristics of low curing temperature, low material shrinkage and low environmental pollution. Accordingly, this material must be developed and utilized with the conjugated double bonds contained in the long chain of the main structure (α-tung acid) molecules in the refined TO. The aforementioned material can be chemically modified using a variety of chemical methods to develop a new TO-based UV photocurable material due to its unique chemical properties. This work reviews the research progress of TO/UV photo-composite curing materials in recent years. Firstly, the chemical structure and application of TO and UV Photocatalysis Technology were briefly introduced. Secondly, the research status of novel TO/UV photo-composite curing materials developed by the Diels-Alder reaction was discussed. The method and curing effect of the UV curing system constructed by other chemically modified TO were also discussed. Thereafter, the application of TO in industrial production is introduced from four directions: the application of TO in biodiesel, the application in synthetic resin, the application in self-healing coating and microcapsules and other applications. Finally, the research and application prospects of TO/UV photo-composite curing materials were presented.
“…Spontaneous redox reactions can result in the electrical energy. A galvanic cell consists of two different metals used as anode and cathode and an acidic electrolyte solution as a source of ions that produce an electric current (Lacina et al, 2018;Mertin et al, 2021;Shevtsof et al, 2021;Sulaiman et al, 2020).…”
It has been conducted a research to analyze ceremai fruit (Phyllanthus acidus) as an electrolyte solution for galvanic cells. The materials used consisted of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) electrodes and an electrolyte solution from ceremai fruit. Electrolyte solution with a concentration variation of 60 to 100% was obtained from pure ceremai fruit electrolyte solution mixed with aquades. In addition, the electrolyte solution is fermented in a period of 1 to 5 days. The variables measured were pH, voltage, electric current and electric power. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the value of the acidity level was proportional to the concentration where at 100% solution concentration the pH value was 4.8 and at 60% the pH value was 5.4. The greatest voltage is 1 volt that obtained when the solution is in the most acidic state or highest concentration. It is found that the greater the concentration of the solution, the smaller the pH value (the acidity level increases) the value of the voltage, current and power will increase. However, when the electrolyte solution is fermented, it appears that the pH value is inversely proportional to the voltage generated. The longer of fermentation time, the pH value will increase but the voltage value will decrease. When the electrolyte solution is fresh, the pH value is 4.8 with a voltage of 1 volt, but on the 5th day of fermentation the acidity level increases with pH value of 2.15 but the voltage decreases to 0.65 volts. This is caused by oxygen exposure at the time of measurement so that the oxygen in the solution will increase. An increase of oxygen will reduce the density of electrically charged ions so that the current will decreases and the voltage will also decrease.
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