Related factors to human toxocariasis in a rural community of Argentina

Chiodo, Paula G; Basualdo, Juan Ángel; Ciarmela, Laura; Pezzani, Betina Cecilia; Apezteguía, María C.; Minvielle, Marta Cecilia

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000400009

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…19 No data for other rural communities of Brazil are available for comparison; the only other recent similar study in South America, carried out on a small sample (N ‫ס‬ 100) of inhabitants in rural Argentina, found a similar overall seroprevalence rate (23.0%), with little variation according to age (23.6% in those aged 1-14 years and 21.4% in those aged 15 years or older). 11 Several risk factors for toxocariasis have been identified in human populations, but inconsistent results are abundant. Male gender, for example, was suggested to be associated with both increased [27][28][29][30] and decreased 31 risk of infection, with some large studies showing no association between gender and risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34] Young age, 35 low socioeconomic status, 36 low parental education, 34,37 and poor sanitation 6 are additional factors contributing to Toxocara exposure in some communities. Dog ownership has been identified as a risk factor in several 11,27,35,[37][38][39] although not all 40 studies of urban and rural populations. None of these known risk factors, except for young age, was significantly associated with Toxocara exposure in our population (P values between 0.338 and 0.921 in multivariate models).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 However, few comparable data are currently available for rural areas, where human infections are usually most prevalent. 11 Seropositivity rates between 8.7% and 39.0% have been found in different samples of Brazilian children (sample size, 100-483) examined over the past decade, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] but exposure to Toxocara has been rarely investigated in other age groups and no data are available for rural populations of this country. 19 Here we describe the epidemiology of human toxocariasis in one of the largest agricultural settlements in the Amazon Basin of Brazil, the Pedro Peixoto settlement in the state of Acre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Toxocariasis in Rural Brazilian Amazonia: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Spatial Distribution

Rubinsky-Elefant

Silva-Nunes²,

Malafronte³

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This population-based cross-sectional study of 403 rural settlers in Brazilian Amazonia revealed an overall rate of IgG seropositivity to Toxocara canis excretory-secretory larval antigen of 26.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.5-31.4%). Multilevel logistic regression analysis identified current infection with hookworm (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.11-4.86) and residence in the most recently occupied sectors of the settlement (OR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.3-2.52) as significant risk factors for Toxocara seropositivity; age > 14 years (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73) and the presence of cats in the household (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32-1.02) appeared to be protective. Two significant high-prevalence clusters were detected in the area, together comprising 38.9% of the seropositive subjects; households in the clusters had slightly lower socioeconomic status and were less likely to have cats as pets. The obstacles for controlling human toxocariasis in this and other tropical rural settings are discussed.

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“…In Great Britain, 24 % of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis ova (Chiodo et al 2006;Talaizadeh et al 2007). But in three other studies Ancylostoma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic dog as a human health hazard in north of Iran

et al. 2014

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An epidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of helminthic parasites of domestic dogs using stool samples in north of Iran in 2013. Stool samples (n = 100) were collected from domestic dogs of different ages and genders. Different techniques including wet smear, formalin-ether sedimentation method and flotation technique in saturated zinc chloride solution were performed on collected stools to detect eggs and larval stage of helminthes parasites. The overall prevalence of helminthic parasites of examined stools of dogs was 57 %. The examined domestic dogs harbored eggs of eight species of helminthes including: Taenia spp., Diyplidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Capillaria aerophila, Mesostesphanus spp. and Trichuris volpis. T. canis and T. volpis were the most and least prevalent eggs, respectively. No significant statistical differences were observed between infection by helminthic parasites and both gender and age of the dogs (P [ 0.05). Considering high level of helminthic infection in the stool of examined domestic dogs, a contiguous educational program to increase awareness of dog owners and an effective anti-parasite control programmed is highly recommended in order to reduce the danger of zoonotic diseases in north of Iran. This is the first report of C. aerophila and Mesostesphanus spp. from dog in Iran.

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“…In Argentina, a study of over 1,000 urban dogs revealed a prevalence of toxocariasis of 10%, which increased to 30% when only dogs younger than one year old were considered (Pereira et al 1991). In studies of the human population, Minvielle et al (2000) demonstrated a seroprevalence of 10% in blood donors and Chiodo et al (2006) showed a seroprevalence of 23% in rural areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis

Chiodo

Sparo

Pezzani

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 (Ef7121) on the Toxocara canis cycle both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro experiments, T. canis larvae were incubated with the supernatants of Ef7121 (EI) and mutant Ef7121 (EIm), in a pre-culture of Ef7121 (EII) and in a fresh culture with Ef7121 (EIII) and the Ef7121 mutant strain (EIIIm). The viability of the larvae was calculated after a 48 h incubation. A significant reduction of the viability of T. canis larvae was observed in EI, EII and EIII. A decrease of this inhibitory effect was observed in EIm and EIIIm (p = 0.008). In the in vivo experiments, mice were orally inoculated with three doses of Ef7121. To study the probiotic persistence in the intestine, the animals were sacrificed every four days and their intestines were dissected. The initial average bacterial levels were 9.7 x 10(4) for Ef7121 (colony forming units/g). At the end of the assay the levels were 1.46 x 10(4). No bacterial translocation was detected in mesenteric lymphatic nodules and spleen. Ef7121 interference with the biological cycle was evaluated in mice challenged with T. canis. The interference was significant when the mice were challenged with probiotic and T. canis simultaneously (p = 0.001), but it was not significant when the challenge was performed 15 days after administration of the bacterial inoculum (p = 0.06). In conclusion, Ef7121 possessed in vitro and in vivo larvicidal activity

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Related factors to human toxocariasis in a rural community of Argentina

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Human Toxocariasis in Rural Brazilian Amazonia: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Spatial Distribution

Domestic dog as a human health hazard in north of Iran

In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis

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