Introduction. Simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation is performed to restore normoglycaemia and renal function in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure. We aimed to evaluate the impact of major postoperative complications to patient and gra survival outcomes. Method. Using a prospectively collected database over a 10-year period, major postoperative complications requiring return to operating theatre as well as patient and gra survival outcomes were analysed retrospectively. Results. �etween January 2001 and May 2010, 165 patients underwent �rst-time SPK transplantation. Median age of recipients was 39.8 years (range, 16.9-53.2). Enteric drainage was used in 149 patients, and bladder drainage was used in 16. Median follow-up time was 5.2 years (range 1.1-10.3). Fiy-six patients (34%) returned to operating theatre at least once. Pancreatic allogra loss secondary to vascular thrombosis occurred in 12 patients (7%), and 2 patients (1.2%) required transplant pancreatectomy due to debilitating pancreatic enzyme leaks. At 1 and 5 years, patient survival was 98% and 94%; pancreas gra survival, 86% and 77%; kidney gra survival 96% and 89%, respectively. Conclusion. SPK is a safe and effective treatment for Type I diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure although surgical reintervention is required in approximately one-third of patients. Preventing vascular thrombosis remains a major challenge.