Relações De Gênero E Poder Na Belle Époque: Entre Discursos E Práticas

Abstract

Este trabalho busca analisar as relações de gênero e poder que atravessavam as experiências das mulheres no período conhecido como Belle Époque, entre 1889 e 1922, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo resultado de revisão da literatura. A partir do contexto social, político, econômico e cultural da cidade, analisam-se os espaços sociais e discursos disponíveis para as mulheres, buscando compreender as múltiplas faces do ser mulher que acompanha o tecido social dessa trama. Assim, discute-se a questão feminina sob o ponto de vista dos médicos, o problema da educação, o ideal de família e o trabalho “fora do lar”. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica deste trabalho se insere no campo da história das mulheres e das relações de gênero.

A reflection on the role of women in Science, Dentistry and Brazilian Orthodontics

“…Legally, they were subject to the father or husband, having no individual rights, freedom of conscience, thought, expression, religion, as well as mobility, work and management over patrimonial and heritage resources. 9 During the Old Republic (1889 to 1930) women were considered different from men, not only in physical characteristics, but also in moral and psychological terms. Thus, women were seen as unstable and subjected to interventions from the environment, which could alter their normal development,…”

“…Legally, they were subject to the father or husband, having no individual rights, freedom of conscience, thought, expression, religion, as well as mobility, work and management over patrimonial and heritage resources. 9 …”

“…Cultural activities, education or work were seen as “harmful influences” for women. Medical professionals tried to highlight the differences between men and women, emphasizing their reproductive function 9 . Men were the holders of intelligence, reasoning and physical strength, with the power to change society, leading in Science and Politics.…”

“…Thus, the Medicine, Church and society legitimized a model in which marriage was seen as the social ideal, while work outside home was considered inappropriate for women. 9 In various censuses, it was possible to observe the participation of women in the labor market. The 1890 Census provided little information on female labor, since it made no reference to activities related to the domestic field (such as washerwomen, seamstresses, embroiderers, cooks), which were mostly performed by poor women.…”

“…At that time, women were also present in the service sector (post offices and telegraphs -31.92%) and then represented 81.20% of the total number of primary schoolteachers. 9 In the Vargas Era (1930-1945) women were considered instruments to transform the country's population, since they played the "female" functions that involved taking care of home, motherhood and caring for the family's well-being. These functions were considered essential for the construction of a healthy, disciplined and productive population.…”