Relação entre heterogeneidade ambiental e distribuição de espécies em uma floresta paludosa no Município de Cristais Paulista, SP, Brasil

Abstract

Neste estudo foi caracterizada a composição florística e fitossociológica de uma floresta paludosa no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, onde variações no padrão de drenagem ocorrem principalmente no sentido perpendicular ao curso d'água, em função da topografia. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a distribuição das espécies em relação ao substrato e a entrada de luz na comunidade. Foram alocadas 60 parcelas de 10×10 m, distribuídas em seis grupos de 10 parcelas cada. Em cada parcela foram medidos e identificados os indivíduos com PAP > 10 cm, avaliadas as propriedades químicas e granulometria do solo, o desnível topográfico, a drenagem e a abertura do dossel. Foram registradas 88 espécies, das quais 61 foram observadas nas parcelas. Uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) indicou correlações entre a distribuição das 29 espécies mais abundantes e drenagem, desnível topográfico e Fe no eixo 1 e abertura do dossel no eixo 2. O coeficiente de Spearman indicou correlações significativas entre 66% das 29 espécies e profundidade do lençol freático ou abertura do dossel. Como exemplo, Calophyllum brasiliense e Xylopia emarginata prevaleceram em solos mal drenados; Siphoneugena densiflora e Virola sebifera em solos bem drenados; Myrcia laruotteana e Xylopia sericea em parcelas com maior abertura de dossel. A heterogeneidade ambiental foi um importante fator na determinação da distribuição e a coexistência de espécies, resultando em um incremento na diversidade local.

Floristic relationships among inland swamp forests of Southeastern and Central-Western Brazil

“…In Southern and Southeastern Brazil, the swamp forests are linked mainly to different forests of Paranaense and Atlantic phytogeographic provinces, such as the seasonal semideciduous inland forests (Rocha et al 2005, Teixeira & Assis 2005 and the rainforests of the coastal zone (Scarano 2002(Scarano , 2006. In the centralnorthern portion of the state of São Paulo and in most of the state of Minas Gerais, as well as in Central Brazil, the swamp forests occur in swampy parts of gallery forests, which are associated with different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado (Brazilian savannas), like the cerradão (woody cerrado) and cerrado sensu stricto (Oliveira Filho et al 1990, Nogueira & Schiavini 2003, Gomes et al 2004, Guarino & Walter 2005, Teixeira & Assis 2009. Within the same province, such as the coastal zone in Atlantic domain, the swamp forests may occur in different edaphic conditions, such as on sandy, mainly Quaternary alluvium-derived substrates (Scarano 2002) or peat soils (Sztutman & Rodrigues 2002, Dorneles & Waechter 2004.…”

“…This allows the occurrence of species that are prevalent in the surrounding formations, like the cerrados (Marques et al 2003, Teixeira & Assis 2009), semideciduous seasonal forests (Toniato et al 1998, Teixeira & Assis 2005 and rain forests (Lieberman et al 1985, Scarano 2002 to occur in these forests. The typical species of well-drained soils usually have little influence on vegetation structure as they occur in low densities, but they are responsible for increasing the local richness of the swamp forests (Marques et al 2003, Scarano 2006) and the floristic dissimilarity among the remnants (Costa et al 1997, Ivanauskas et al 1997, Teixeira & Assis 2005.…”

AGRARIAN ACADEMY , Centro Científico Conhecer - Goiânia, v.3, n.06; p. 2016 1 CERRADO FORESTS: SEASONAL FOREST AND CERRADÃO

“…In addition, close to those found in studies in the formation of Cerradão (CAMPOS et al, 2006;RODRIGUES & ARAÚJO 2013). The CCA correlated Copaifera langsdorffii, Tapirira guianensis,Schefflera morototoni with soils of higher fertility and high aluminum content according to other studies of species distribution in the Seasonal Forest (DALANESI et al, 2004;TEIXEIRA & ASSIS, 2009).…”

Floristic and phytogeographic pattern of native field in southeastern Brazil

“…Such stressful environments come to be dominated by a few species with large populations and high biomasses, typically displaying low diversity in comparison with vegetation formations established in well-drained soils (Teixeira & Assis 2009;Scarano 2006). The presence of well-drained sites can increase the local diversity of the flora of floodplain vegetation formations (Menezes et al 2010) by allowing the establishment of species that are less tolerant to water saturation, which prevail in the neighboring vegetation formations (Scarano 2002;Rocha et al 2005;Teixeira et al 2008).…”

“…The presence of well-drained sites can increase the local diversity of the flora of floodplain vegetation formations (Menezes et al 2010) by allowing the establishment of species that are less tolerant to water saturation, which prevail in the neighboring vegetation formations (Scarano 2002;Rocha et al 2005;Teixeira et al 2008). Therefore, floristic and structural differences can be observed between different sites within the same vegetation formation, because of different drainage conditions (Loures et al 2007;Teixeira et al 2008) and of influence from the neighboring vegetation (Ivanauskas et al 1997;Teixeira & Assis 2009). …”