“…Each city and region in Indonesia has a different government-recommended minimum monthly wage ( upah minimum ), and while prices for hill partridges differed between cities, there was no clear relationship with local minimum wage (Figure 4). Most traders specified that payments would only be accepted via RekBe r (an abbreviation for Rekening Bersama , that is, the bank account of a trusted third party 30 ), thus making it challenging to connect buyers to sellers if any enforcement was to be taken.Figure 4.Trade in hill partridges on Java and Bali, Indonesia. Asking prices (mean±SD, in US$, corrected for inflation to May 2021) for chestnut-bellied hill partridges Arborophila javanica (red) and white-faced hill partridges A. orientalis (blue) relative to the 2021 recommended minimum monthly wage for the city in which the seller was based.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38 The online trade means sellers do not have to meet buyers in person, payments can be processed online, and birds are shipped directly to the buyer’s address. The use of third-party bank accounts, 30 and how this plays into the hands of illegal wildlife traders, is something that needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.…”
There is increasing recognition of the impact that wildlife trade has on globally threatened and geographically restricted species. For only a few species do we have long-term datasets on their presence in domestic trade. The Asian Songbird Trade Crisis has highlighted the detrimental role that the cage bird trade has on populations of wild birds (songbirds and others) throughout Asia. Starting in 1994, I have visited bird markets in Java and Bali, Indonesia, recording the presence of chestnut-bellied hill partridges Arborophila javanica (endemic to most of Java apart from the easternmost part) and white-faced hill partridges A. orientalis (endemic to easternmost Java). The data thus collected allowed me to test hypotheses related to rarity, price, and purported population trends. No change in the number of hill partridges in trade was observed over this period. The more widespread chestnut-bellied hill partridge was recorded in higher numbers (mean of 1.7 birds survey−1) than white-faced hill partridges (mean of 0.4 birds survey−1). I monitored their online trade on four bird selling platforms and two dedicated hill partridge Facebook pages. Like the trade in the bird markets, the chestnut-bellied hill partridge was recorded in higher numbers than white-faced hill partridges (106 vs 44 birds). Both species were for sale both within and outside their native ranges (17 cities for chestnut-bellied and 10 cities for white-face hill partridges) suggesting extensive trade networks with birds being transported hundreds of kilometres. Average asking prices were similar for both species (US$31) and were not related to the minimum monthly wage of the cities in which the birds were offered for sale. I estimate that annually 3500 chestnut-bellied hill partridges and 700 white-faced hill partridges are sold in the bird markets on Java and Bali. Despite the absence of a harvest quota, the presence of both species over a 27-year period in numerous bird markets, and over the last decade online, indicated the absence of commitment and political and societal pressures to curb the illegal trade in birds in Indonesia.
“…Each city and region in Indonesia has a different government-recommended minimum monthly wage ( upah minimum ), and while prices for hill partridges differed between cities, there was no clear relationship with local minimum wage (Figure 4). Most traders specified that payments would only be accepted via RekBe r (an abbreviation for Rekening Bersama , that is, the bank account of a trusted third party 30 ), thus making it challenging to connect buyers to sellers if any enforcement was to be taken.Figure 4.Trade in hill partridges on Java and Bali, Indonesia. Asking prices (mean±SD, in US$, corrected for inflation to May 2021) for chestnut-bellied hill partridges Arborophila javanica (red) and white-faced hill partridges A. orientalis (blue) relative to the 2021 recommended minimum monthly wage for the city in which the seller was based.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38 The online trade means sellers do not have to meet buyers in person, payments can be processed online, and birds are shipped directly to the buyer’s address. The use of third-party bank accounts, 30 and how this plays into the hands of illegal wildlife traders, is something that needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.…”
There is increasing recognition of the impact that wildlife trade has on globally threatened and geographically restricted species. For only a few species do we have long-term datasets on their presence in domestic trade. The Asian Songbird Trade Crisis has highlighted the detrimental role that the cage bird trade has on populations of wild birds (songbirds and others) throughout Asia. Starting in 1994, I have visited bird markets in Java and Bali, Indonesia, recording the presence of chestnut-bellied hill partridges Arborophila javanica (endemic to most of Java apart from the easternmost part) and white-faced hill partridges A. orientalis (endemic to easternmost Java). The data thus collected allowed me to test hypotheses related to rarity, price, and purported population trends. No change in the number of hill partridges in trade was observed over this period. The more widespread chestnut-bellied hill partridge was recorded in higher numbers (mean of 1.7 birds survey−1) than white-faced hill partridges (mean of 0.4 birds survey−1). I monitored their online trade on four bird selling platforms and two dedicated hill partridge Facebook pages. Like the trade in the bird markets, the chestnut-bellied hill partridge was recorded in higher numbers than white-faced hill partridges (106 vs 44 birds). Both species were for sale both within and outside their native ranges (17 cities for chestnut-bellied and 10 cities for white-face hill partridges) suggesting extensive trade networks with birds being transported hundreds of kilometres. Average asking prices were similar for both species (US$31) and were not related to the minimum monthly wage of the cities in which the birds were offered for sale. I estimate that annually 3500 chestnut-bellied hill partridges and 700 white-faced hill partridges are sold in the bird markets on Java and Bali. Despite the absence of a harvest quota, the presence of both species over a 27-year period in numerous bird markets, and over the last decade online, indicated the absence of commitment and political and societal pressures to curb the illegal trade in birds in Indonesia.
“…An excellent platform appearance, content information conformity, and ease of use are some fundamental aspects of technology that could attract customers to make purchases [12]- [14]. On the other hand, the ability of a retailer to provide protection for shopping and the quality of products offered is also an important aspect for motivating customer to purchase or to invest electronically [15]. Not only there, we assume there is also another factor that causes potential customers deciding to make a purchase, that factor is the quality of service [16], [17].…”
Indonesia is working actively in the implementation of the Smart Cities initiative program. However, to be able to apply the concept, there are three main elements that must be prepared as the basic foundation. These elements are structure, infrastructure, and superstructure. In this study we focused on the problem of the high cost of funding needed to finance these three elements. Therefore, we are of the opinion that the government must create new investment opportunities outside the stock exchange whose impacts can also be directly used for financing programs. In this study, we conducted an investigation of the interest of urban people to invest in online channels. The aim is to determine the decisionmaking behavior of the Indonesian people in non-consumptive capital expenditure activities when the government creates and publishes financing instruments on the market. The hope is to be able to create a national development financing strategy that is in accordance with the characteristics of the Indonesian people and right on target.
“…Rekber atau biasa disebut sebagai rekening bersama merupakan metode pembayaran online yang dianggap sebagian orang paling aman daripada melakukan transaksi secara mentransfer uang secara langsung (Hakim, 2016). Metode ini biasanya lebih banyak dikenal pada kaum forum seperti kaskus, ada istilah khusus terkait rekber ini pada forum luar negeri rekber lebih dikenal sebagai escrow service (ES) (Atmojo et al, 2016). API (Application Programming Interface) terdiri dari berbagai elemen seperti function, protocols, dan tools lainnya yang memungkinkan developers untuk membuat aplikasi (Puspitasari & Maulina, 2019).…”
Section: Pendahuluanunclassified
“…Peran rekber disini sebagai pihak ketiga dari transaksi yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan pembeli. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk saling membangun kepercayaan dan menjaga keamanan transaksi yang menguntungkan semua pihak, Tetapi rekber melalui pengurus menggunakan cara manual, seperti menghubungi semua pengurus yang sedang aktif (online) terlebih dahulu (Atmojo et al, 2016). Pada penelitian yang pernah dilakukan, implementasi payment gateway dari midtrans dapat dilakukan pada pemesanan tiket tour, dengan hasil yang sangat memuaskan baik dari pengguna maupun dari pemilik tour (Rahardika, 2020).…”
Aktivitas jual beli di dalam komunitas Facebook tidak semua dapat dipercaya, ada pula oknum yang melakukan penipuan yang dapat merugikan pihak yang terlibat transaksi. Rekber atau biasa disebut rekening bersama merupakan metode pembayaran online yang dianggap paling aman daripada melakukan transaksi secara mentransfer uang secara langsung. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun aplikasi Rekberkuy pada komunitas facebook menggunakan pemrograman API. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini didapatkan melalui wawancara dan observasi pada anggota grup XYZ di Facebook. Pada tahap pengembangan perangkat lunak, digunakan pendekatan prototyping dengan beberapa tahapan dan dibuat dalam jangka waktu 5 bulan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu implementasi payment gateway midtrans pada aplikasi rekberkuy berjalan dengan baik. Dengan melakukan testing pada transaksi beberapa customer menggunakan rekberkuy membuktikan bahwa system payment gateway midtrans berintegrasi dengan baik oleh rekberkuy dan mendapatkan komentar positif dari pembeli maupun penjual yang melakukan transaksi pada grup XYZ di Facebook.
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