Rejuvenation of the lithosphere by the Hawaiian plume

Li, Xueqing; Kind, R.; Yuan, Xiaohui; Wölbern, Ingo; Hanka, W.

doi:10.1038/nature02349

Cited by 242 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The steepness of the rare-earth element slopes indicates melting within the stability field of garnet lherzolite or melting to small degrees within the stability field of spinel lherzolite (Hauri et al, 1994;Salters et al, 2002), as to be expected to occur beneath an old tectonic plate where the bottom of the lithosphere (e.g. Li et al, 2004) is near the garnet to spinel transition (Kogiso et al, 1998;Robinson and Wood, 1998;Klemme and O'Neill, 2000).…”

Section: Trace Elements and Fractionation Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile and trace elements in basaltic glasses from Samoa: Implications for water distribution in the mantle

Workman

Hauri

Hart

et al. 2006

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

152

145

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We report volatile (H 2 O, CO 2 , F, S, Cl) and trace element data for submarine alkalic basalt glasses from the three youngest Samoan volcanoes, Ta'u, Malumalu and Vailulu'u. Most samples are visibly sulfide saturated, so have likely lost some S during fractionation. Cl/K ratios (0.04 -0.15) extend to higher values than pristine MORBs, but are suspected to be partly due to source differences since Cl/K roughly varies as a function of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr. There are no resolvable differences in the relative enrichment of F among sources, and compatibility of F during mantle melting is established to be nearly identical to Nd. Shallow degassing has affected CO 2 in all samples, and H 2 O only in the most shallowly erupted samples from Vailulu'u. Absolute water contents are high for Samoa (0.63 -1.50 wt%), but relative enrichment of water compared to equally incompatible trace elements (Ce, La) is low and falls entirely below normal MORB values. H 2 O/Ce (58 -157) and H 2 O/La (120 -350) correlate inversely with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr compositions (0.7045 -0.7089). This leads us to believe that, because of very fast diffusion of hydrogen in mantle minerals, recycled lithospheric material with high initial water and trace element content will lose water to the drier ambient mantle during storage within the inner Earth. The net result is the counter-intuitive appearance of greater dehydration with greater mantle enrichment. We expect that subducted slabs will experience a two-stage dehydration history, first within subduction zones and then in the ambient mantle during long-term convective mixing.

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Section: Trace Elements and Fractionation Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile and trace elements in basaltic glasses from Samoa: Implications for water distribution in the mantle

Workman

Hauri

Hart

et al. 2006

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

152

145

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“…First, a discontinuity at the base of the lithosphere has been observed in receiver function studies (Collins et al, 2002;Li et al, 2004;Vinnik et al, 2005), with whole mantle ScS reverberations (Courtier et al, 2007;Gaherty et al, 1996;Revenaugh and Jordan, 1991), and with multiple S waveforms (Tan and Helmberger, 2007). No discontinuity is expected from temperature sensitivity alone and there is no indication that the depth of the discontinuity is dependent on the age of the seafloor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickening of young Pacific lithosphere from high-resolution Rayleigh wave tomography: A test of the conductive cooling model

Harmon

Forsyth

Weeraratne

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oDirect seismic measurements of the thickening of oceanic lithosphere away from the spreading axis are rare due to the remoteness of mid ocean ridges. On the East Pacific Rise, at 17°S, there were two long-term broadband ocean bottom seismometer deployments, the MELT and GLIMPSE experiments. These arrays spanned young Pacific plate seafloor ranging in age from 0 to 8 Ma. Combining these two data sets, we describe the increase in Rayleigh wave phase velocities for 16-100 s period as function of distance from the ridge with two parameterizations: an arbitrary function of seafloor age and a simple polynomial function of age on the Pacific and Nazca plates. Although resolution analysis shows that 10 to 15 independent pieces of information about the age variation of phase velocity on the Pacific plate can be resolved at periods of ≤50 s, the three parameter polynomial model fits the data almost as well, indicating a simple pattern of the evolution of structure with age. To compare our observations to the predictions for the conductive cooling of the lithosphere, we convert a thermal half-space cooling model to shear velocity using anharmonic and anelastic contributions. The patterns in the velocities are not consistent with simple conductive cooling. The conductive cooling model under predicts the changes in phase velocity with age observed in the 20 to 78 s period range. We observe significant changes in shear velocity in the asthenosphere at depths greater than conductive cooling should extend. The asthenospheric low velocity zone is asymmetric, dipping to the west with the lowest velocities beneath the Pacific plate west of the spreading center. The conductive cooling model also over predicts the shear velocities in the lithosphere by~0.2 km/s. These anomalies indicate that more complicated mantle flow and significant mantle heterogeneities such as melt are required.

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“…For example, basalt dated to 56.4 ± 5 Ma (Kulp, 1963;Lincoln and Schlanger, 1991) recovered from 1267 m below Enewetak's rim (Ladd and Schlanger, 1960) suggests a long-term mean subsidence rate between~20.6 and 24.6 m/Myr. Plate cooling models (Stein and Stein, 1992) predict a subsidence rate of 14-18 m/Myr over the past 8.5 Ma for Enewetak, assuming thermal reset of the crust during island formation (Detrick and Crough, 1978;Li et al, 2004). Likewise, a mean subsidence rate of 19.5 m/Myr since the late Cretaceous can be estimated from cores drilled on Wodejebato guyot (submerged 1485 mbsl), 250 km east of Enewetak (Larson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Subsidence and Rim Dissolution Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

Toomey

Ashton

Raymo

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Sea-level records from atolls, potentially spanning the Cenozoic, have been largely overlooked, in part because the processes that control atoll form (reef accretion, carbonate dissolution, sediment transport, vertical motion) are complex and, for many islands, unconstrained on million-year timescales. Here we combine existing observations of atoll morphology and corelog stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll with a numerical model to (1) constrain the relative rates of subsidence, dissolution and sedimentation that have shaped modern Pacific atolls and (2) construct a record of sea level over the past 8.5 million years. Both the stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll (constrained by a subsidence rate of~20 m/Myr) and our numerical modeling results suggest that low sea levels (50-125 m below present), and presumably bi-polar glaciations, occurred throughout much of the late Miocene, preceding the warmer climate of the Pliocene, when sea level was higher than present. Carbonate dissolution through the subsequent sea-level fall that accompanied the onset of large glacial cycles in the late Pliocene, along with rapid highstand constructional reef growth, likely drove development of the rimmed atoll morphology we see today.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Rejuvenation of the lithosphere by the Hawaiian plume

Cited by 242 publications

References 17 publications

Volatile and trace elements in basaltic glasses from Samoa: Implications for water distribution in the mantle

Volatile and trace elements in basaltic glasses from Samoa: Implications for water distribution in the mantle

Thickening of young Pacific lithosphere from high-resolution Rayleigh wave tomography: A test of the conductive cooling model

Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

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