Reject Brine Management

El‐Naas, Muftah H.

doi:10.5772/13706

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…In such cases, salts recovered from the concentrate are a by-product from the desalination process [519]. A new possible approach is through reacting the reject brine with CO2 by which the modified Solvay process is utilized to convert the brine into reusable solid product namely sodium bicarbonate while the treated water can be utilized for irrigation purposes [514,520].…”

Section: Technological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is considered the leading and the most optimized membrane-based desalination process that is currently dominating the desalination market. In this review, various aspects of RO desalination are reviewed. Theories and models related to concentration polarization and membrane transport, as well as merits and drawbacks of these models in predicting polarization effects, are discussed. An updated review of studies related to membrane modules (plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber) and membrane characterization are provided. The review also discusses membrane cleaning and different pre-treatment technologies in place for RO desalination, such as feed-water pre-treatment and biocides. RO pre-treatment technologies, which include conventional (e.g., coagulationflocculation, media filtration, disinfection, scale inhibition) and non-conventional (e.g., MF, UF, and NF) are reviewed and their relative attributes are compared. As per the available literature, UF, MF and coagulation-flocculation are considered the most widely used pre-treatment technologies. In addition, this review discusses membrane fouling, which represents a serious challenge in RO processes due to its significant contribution to energy requirements and process economy (e.g., flux decline, permeate quality, membrane lifespan, increased feed pressure, increased pre-treatment and membrane maintenance cost). Different membrane fouling types, such as colloidal, organic, inorganic, and biological fouling, are addressed in this review. Principles of RO process design and the embedded economic and energy considerations are discussed. In general, cost of water desalination has dropped to values that made it a viable option, comparable even to conventional water treatment methods. Finally, an overview of hybrid RO desalination processes and the current challenges faced by RO desalination processes are presented and discussed.

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Section: Technological Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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CFD modeling for optimal electrodialysis: Valorizing reject brine and carbon dioxide for sustainable solutions

Mustafa,

Ghasem,

El-Naas

et al. 2024

Separation and Purification Technology

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Hydration, Strength, and Shrinkage of Cementitious Materials Mixed with Simulated Desalination Brine

Hosseinzadeh

Ebead

Nanni

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering Materials

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The process of desalination results in the production of a hypersaline waste by-product known as reject brine. In some locations, this reject brine is dumped back into the ocean, which has potentially detrimental effects on water quality and marine life. This study was carried out to investigate whether this brine could potentially be used to manufacture cementitious materials. The effects of different concentrations of simulated reject brine on hydration kinetics, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of cement paste and mortar were investigated. Cement paste and mortars were prepared using a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45 and were mixed with simulated reject brine, tap water, and diluted reject brine (an equal mass mixture of reject brine and tap water). The results show that the reject brine causes an acceleration of early cement hydration; however, this effect is negligible at later ages. Mixtures containing reject brine have higher compressive strength at early ages, although this difference is reduced at 91 d. The reject brine causes a drastic increase in the drying shrinkage. The difference between the results obtained using reject brine and diluted reject brine were generally insignificant, which suggests that the effects of solution composition on the observed properties were not strong when solution concentrations were greater than a threshold value. Although these results are preliminary and further feasibility studies, including research on concrete durability, are required, the results suggest that reject brine may be used to make unreinforced concrete or concrete reinforced with noncorrosive materials.

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Reject Brine Management

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

CFD modeling for optimal electrodialysis: Valorizing reject brine and carbon dioxide for sustainable solutions

Hydration, Strength, and Shrinkage of Cementitious Materials Mixed with Simulated Desalination Brine

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