Reiter'S Disease

Harkness, A. H.

doi:10.1136/sti.25.4.185

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The sequence of symptoms varied between individuals, with six out of nine showing the complete triad and with urethritis preceding other symptoms in most cases ( 40 ). This matches ReA presentation described in sexually acquired cases ( 29 , 33 ). Less well-controlled community-based outbreak studies also support enteric triggers for ReA, and have implicated many enteric infections beyond Shigella ( 76 , 77 ).…”

Section: The Usual Suspectssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Between 1818 and 1948 many case reports were published describing a syndrome affecting men, consisting mainly of the simultaneous inflammation of the urethra, eyes, and joints ( 29 ). This syndrome was initially called Reiter’s disease.…”

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After studying 126 cases, Harkness published a comprehensive review of ReA ( 29 ). He made several key observations (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 1957, it was recognized that ReA often occurred in an incomplete form ( 29 ). King suspected that idiopathic AAU, a common comorbidity of ReA and AS, was part of the same syndrome even when it occurred alone.…”

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Laurence¹,

Asquith

Rosenbaum

2018

Front. Med.

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Spondyloarthritis is a common type of arthritis which affects mostly adults. It consists of idiopathic chronic inflammation of the spine, joints, eyes, skin, gut, and prostate. Inflammation is often asymptomatic, especially in the gut and prostate. The HLA-B*27 allele group, which presents intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells, is by far the strongest risk factor for spondyloarthritis. The precise mechanisms and antigens remain unknown. In 1959, Catterall and King advanced a novel hypothesis explaining the etiology of spondyloarthritis: an as-yet-unrecognized sexually acquired microbe would be causing all spondyloarthritis types, including acute anterior uveitis. Recent studies suggest an unrecognized sexually acquired fungal infection may be involved in prostate cancer and perhaps multiple sclerosis. This warrants reanalyzing the Catterall–King hypothesis based on the current literature. In the last decade, many links between spondyloarthritis and fungal infections have been found. Antibodies against the fungal cell wall component mannan are elevated in spondyloarthritis. Functional polymorphisms in genes regulating the innate immune response against fungi have been associated with spondyloarthritis (CARD9 and IL23R). Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, two common comorbidities of spondyloarthritis, are both strongly associated with fungi. Evidence reviewed here lends credence to the Catterall–King hypothesis and implicates a common fungal etiology in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and spondyloarthritis. However, the evidence available at this time is insufficient to definitely confirm this hypothesis. Future studies investigating the microbiome in relation to these conditions should screen specimens for fungi in addition to bacteria. Future clinical studies of spondyloarthritis should consider antifungals which are effective in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, such as dimethyl fumarate and nystatin.

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Section: The Usual Suspectssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After studying 126 cases, Harkness published a comprehensive review of ReA ( 29 ). He made several key observations (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postulation Of the Catterall–king Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Laurence¹,

Asquith

Rosenbaum

2018

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most authors have accepted a gonococcal aetiology of joint complications associated with urethral discharge only when Neisseria gonorrhoeae are found in the synovial fluid and/or in the peripheral blood or when there is a dramatic improvement within 2-3 days of penicillin administration (Harkness, 1949;Ford, 1953;Czonka, 1959;Wright, 1963;Brandt et al, 1974). Aseptic penicillin-insensitive arthritis after gonorrhoea has, especially in the Anglo-American literature, been interpreted as a Reiter variant (Ford, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%