Reintroduction, distribution, population dynamics and conservation of a species formerly extinct in the wild: A review of thirty-five years of successful Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) reintroduction in China

Cheng, Zhibin; Xiuhua, Tian; Zhong, Zhenyu; Li, Pengfei; Sun, Da-ming; Bai, Junhong; Meng, Yuping; Zhang, Shumiao; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Wang, Libo; Liu, Dingzhen

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01860

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Previous research has shown that reintroduction has helped a number of species, such as giant pandas ( Yang et al, 2018 ), peregrine falcons ( Jacobsen et al, 2008 ), and Texas horned lizards ( Williams, Rains & Hale, 2019 ) to successfully reappear and reproduce in their historic ranges. One representative success story is the reintroduction of Père David’s deer ( Elaphurus davidianus ) ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). E. davidianus was endemic to China and ranged from Liaoning Province in northern China to Zhejiang Province in southern China, from 19 degrees North Latitude to 47 degrees North Latitude ( Cheng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One representative success story is the reintroduction of Père David’s deer ( Elaphurus davidianus ) ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). E. davidianus was endemic to China and ranged from Liaoning Province in northern China to Zhejiang Province in southern China, from 19 degrees North Latitude to 47 degrees North Latitude ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). E. davidianus originated in the early Pleistocene period and reached their peak over 3,000 years ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. davidianus originated in the early Pleistocene period and reached their peak over 3,000 years ago. However, due to anthropogenic and natural pressures including human hunting, environmental destruction, climate change, and war, E. davidianus disappeared from their original habitats in the early 20th century ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). The endangered species was reintroduced to China from England in 1985 and has bred in many areas since ( e.g ., Beijing, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Hunan), with a total population of nearly 10,000 to date ( Cheng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to anthropogenic and natural pressures including human hunting, environmental destruction, climate change, and war, E. davidianus disappeared from their original habitats in the early 20th century ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). The endangered species was reintroduced to China from England in 1985 and has bred in many areas since ( e.g ., Beijing, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Hunan), with a total population of nearly 10,000 to date ( Cheng et al, 2021 ). Although the total number of E. davidianus in China is growing, the majority of deer live in captivity, and much work remains to be done for successful reintroduction and rewilding across their historic habitats ( Sutton, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone

Yao¹,

Mo²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Reintroduction is an effective strategy in the conservation of endangered species under scientific monitoring. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the envir onmental adaptation of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). In this study, 34 fecal samples from E. davidianus were collected from different habitats in Tianjin city of China to investigate differences in the intestinal flora under captive and semi-free-ranging conditions. Based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, a total of 23 phyla and 518 genera were obtained. Firmicutes was dominant in all individuals. At the genus level, UCG-005 (13.05%) and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (8.94%) were dominant in captive individuals, while Psychrobacillus (26.53%) and Pseudomonas (11.33%) were dominant in semi-free-ranging individuals. Alpha diversity results showed that the intestinal flora richness and diversity were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in captive individuals than in semi-free-ranging individuals. Beta diversity analysis also showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) between the two groups. In addition, some age- and sex-related genera such as Monoglobus were identified. In summary, the structure and diversity of intestinal flora showed significant habitat variation. This is the first time an analysis has been undertaken of the structural differences of the intestinal flora in Père David’s deer, under different habitats in the warm temperate zone, providing a reference basis for the conservation of endangered species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone

Yao¹,

Mo²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…Reintroduction plays a vital role in conservation for many endangered species (Cheng et al, 2021), especially those extinct in the wild, as it is clear that keeping them in captivity for extended periods of time is unsustainable (Trask et al, 2020). We are in the United Nations decade of restoration, that among other things is a call to action that has the purpose of recognizing the Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org need to massively accelerate global restoration of degraded ecosystems (Waltham et al, 2020).…”

Section: Thematic Intervention 1: Restoration and Reintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory of change to reverse the current Mexican freshwater fish extinction crisis

Contreras‐MacBeath

Mojica

González

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Freshwater ecosystems are considered amongst the most imperiled on earth, since rivers, lakes, wetlands, and other surface waters receive most of the impacts from unsustainable human activities. This has had measurable impacts on freshwater species, and more specifically on freshwater fishes, as data from the Red List show that 23.5% of the 11,937 freshwater fish species evaluated so far, are classified as threatened. Mexico is not exempt from this situation, as a recent report demonstrates that 39.9% of Mexican freshwater fishes are threatened, and there are 21 lost species (extinct + extinct in the wild), the highest number for any country or region of the world. Here we develop a Theory of Change (ToC) to guide management interventions when seeking to prevent further freshwater fish extinctions in Mexico and reversing the current extinction crisis. We describe four thematic areas of intervention: (1) restoration and reintroduction aimed at eight extinct in the wild and four regionally extinct species, (2) conservation management prioritizing 39 critically endangered species, distinguishing between those inhabiting protected areas, water parks, and those with no management nor protection, (3) explorations to find eight possibly extinct species, and (4) communication and outreach to gain support for conservation interventions. The framework has been developed as a tool for conservation advocates and policymakers to implement and monitor change that prevents extinctions, but also to seek and attract funding. It is also meant to guide different levels of government in setting priorities for conservation interventions.

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Genetic structure of native and naturalized populations of sable (Martes zibellina L.) of the Central Siberian Plateau and adjacent territories

Filimonov,

Zakharov,

Kochkarev

et al. 2024

Biol Invasions

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Reintroduction, distribution, population dynamics and conservation of a species formerly extinct in the wild: A review of thirty-five years of successful Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) reintroduction in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone

How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone

A theory of change to reverse the current Mexican freshwater fish extinction crisis

Genetic structure of native and naturalized populations of sable (Martes zibellina L.) of the Central Siberian Plateau and adjacent territories

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