Reinforcing of phenol formaldehyde resin by graphene oxide and lignin nanohybrids

Zhang, Jianzheng; Wang, Rumin; Chen, Pengpeng

doi:10.1177/0954008319827060

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…LPF resins are characterized by a room-temperature modulus comparable to that of the reference PF material (∼1.5–2 GPa), in line with analogous phenolic resin systems recently reported in the literature . The incorporation of SAn-lignin in the resin formulation appears to yield slightly higher E RT ′, suggesting a more effective incorporation of succinylated lignin in the PF system, in line with previous considerations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Elucidating the Role of Lignin Type and Functionality in the Development of High-Performance Biobased Phenolic Thermoset Resins

Bellinetto,

Fumagalli,

Astorri

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In this work, a series of biobased phenolic resins were developed starting from kraft and soda lignin, suitably functionalized through esterification by means of succinic anhydride. As a result of an extensive optimization study of the functionalization and curing reactions, clear correlations between lignin type and chemical−physical characteristics and the properties of the resulting phenolic resin systems were described. In particular, the esterification reaction through succinic anhydride was found to play a key role in enhancing the chemical reactivity and in facilitating the successful incorporation of lignin into the resin formulations. The obtained high-lignin-content thermoset materials were shown to exhibit tunable chemical (functionality, gel content, and cross-linking density), thermal (glass transition temperature and thermo-oxidative stability), and mechanical (surface hardness, indentation modulus, and creep behavior) characteristics, which could outperform those of fully oil-based reference phenolic resins by judicious control of lignin concentration and chemical characteristics. In particular, succinylated kraft lignin was found to enable more efficient incorporation into the cured systems. This work provides the first demonstration of the incorporation of succinic-anhydride-modified-lignin in the formulation of high-performance phenolic resins, ultimately contributing to the definition of structure−property−performance correlations for rational biobased material design in the context of advanced and sustainable manufacturing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Elucidating the Role of Lignin Type and Functionality in the Development of High-Performance Biobased Phenolic Thermoset Resins

Bellinetto,

Fumagalli,

Astorri

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…show the XRD patterns of samples G0 and G350, respectively. The broad peak at ~25 o corresponds to the amorphous halo of the glass fiber [24], and a broad peak at ~20 o overlapping with the peak of the glass fiber corresponds to the amorphous halo of the phenolic resin matrix [25]. As shown in Figure 2 Nylon is a synthetic fabric material that is generally used as a peel ply in FRP composite fabrication processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Elevated Temperature on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

Lee,

Han,

Park

et al. 2023

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) have attracted significant attention as structural materials because of their high fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, and stiffness. This study examined the effect of elevated temperatures (150, 250, 350, and 450oC) on the microstructural and mechanical properties of GFRP plates. The number of bubbles increased as the firing temperature increased, and the bubbles burst at 250oC or higher, forming pores on the surface. A tensile test was conducted, and the maximum stress of the GFRP plates fired at 150, 250, and 350oC was reduced from 54.2 to 52.2, 40.3, and 24.0 MPa, respectively, compared to that of the unfired GFRP plate. Meanwhile, the elastic moduli of the GFRP plates fired at 150, 250, and 350oC reduced from 19.1 to 18.3, 16.1, and 12.1 GPa, respectively, compared to that of the unfired GFRP plate. This reduction in the mechanical properties of the GFRP plates at elevated temperatures was attributed to the degradation of the mechanical properties of the resin matrix due to glass transition and decomposition, debonding, and an increase in surface defects. The maximum strain decreased gradually with increasing firing temperature, suggesting that the brittleness of the GFRP plates increased at elevated temperatures.

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“…Furthermore, during in situ curing processing, the PF/GO-L nanocomposite flow rate of heat was improved. The results provided a material with high performance [45].…”

Section: Phenolics/graphene Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

Daniel¹,

Hong²

2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Graphene as new material, due to its unique and novel properties has attracted extensive attention and in-depth research in the scientific community. Graphene, as a covalently bonded monolayer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal structure, is currently the thinnest material found in the world, and also makes it one of the world's best in terms of its properties [1]. Graphene, with this special structure, contains rich and novel physical phenomena, which make it show many excellent properties such as ultra-higqh carrier mobility, good thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical modulus (1 TPa), breaking strength (125 GPa), and also a superior gas barrier, high transparency, and high specific surface area [2]. Moreover, based on these extraordinary properties, graphene showed great potential application prospects and market value in different fields such as transportation, high-frequency electronic devices, flexible display, electrochemical biosensor, new energy battery, supercapacitor, aerospace, biomedical, etc. Graphene can also be used as an ideal nanofiller to reinforce the properties of composites, thus providing a broader application space for composite materials. Even a small amount of graphene addition to composite tends to increase the mechanical, electrical, and processing properties [1-4]. Hence, the addition of graphene into polymer composite has shown improvements of properties compared to pure polymer, significant changes in the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties were proven, more than in the case of other materials. The polymer nanocomposites modified by graphene can be used in construction, automobile, aerospace, electronic, and medical applications, etc. The interaction between fillers and the polymer matrix at the interface has great importance for the performance of composites [5, 6]. As graphene is hard and very costly to produce, needs a lot of energy, and is difficult to control structure, coupled with other materials especially polymers, different alternatives were found by using modified graphene, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (Fig. 1), etc. provided more options which are considered easy to produce and showed a great improvement when combined with polymers. Generally, modified graphene (GO, RGO, etc) coupled with polymers and polymer composites can be possibly reached easily using various

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Reinforcing of phenol formaldehyde resin by graphene oxide and lignin nanohybrids

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Elucidating the Role of Lignin Type and Functionality in the Development of High-Performance Biobased Phenolic Thermoset Resins

Elucidating the Role of Lignin Type and Functionality in the Development of High-Performance Biobased Phenolic Thermoset Resins

Influence of Elevated Temperature on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

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