Reinforcing of a Calcium Phosphate Cement with Hydroxyapatite Crystals of Various Morphologies

Neira, Inés S.; Kolen’ko, Yury V.; Kommareddy, Krishna P.; Manjubala, I.; Yoshimura, Masahiro; Guitián, Francisco

doi:10.1021/am100710b

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1,2 Owing to these attractive traits, CPC becomes a promising biomaterial that can be potentially used for bone substitution and regeneration. [3][4][5] In addition, because CPC is moldable and injectable before setting or hardening, it has the capability of conforming to the bone cavity of irregular shape 6 or being injected into bone defects without open surgery. 3 Therefore, CPC is becoming a promising candidate for minimally invasive treatment of musculoskeletal injury and therefore has received lots of attention in the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

et al. 2015

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Statement of Purpose: Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries like percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Because of this, many efforts have so far been made to increase CPC mechanical strengths and improve its cohesion and anti-collapsibility (also known as anti-washout property). In this study, a strategy of using food-grade, gelatinized starches to reinforce injectable CPC was proposed. The effects of various starch gels on CPC properties, including injectability, anti-collapsibility, compressive strength and modulus, strain energy density and cytotoxicity, were investigated. Methods: Four types of starches, corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch were studied. Corn starch, cross-linked starch, cationic starch were purchased and Ca-modified starch gel was prepared by treating the pristine waxy starch with calcium salts like CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 in the water at the temperature more than 60 o C. Formulation of CPC powder in this study contained 70 wt.% β-tricalcium phosphate, 20 wt.% tetracalcium phosphate and 10 wt.% dicalcium phosphate dehydrate [1]. For preparing starchmodified CPC samples, dry CPC powder was mixed with different types of starch at two contents of 3 wt.% or 10 wt.%. The mixture of dry powders was added to deionized water at liquid-to-solid ratios of 0.75 and 1.05 for the starch contents of 3 wt.% or 10 wt.%, respectively. The starch suspension was then mechanically stirred and gelatinized at 80 o C to form a uniform paste. The CPC/starch pastes were cooled down to room temperature and then injected through a 1 mL syringe with an outlet diameter of 4.8 mm, forming cylindrical paste bars for further testing.Mechanical properties of the starch-modified CPCs were characterized by compression, soaking, and shaking tests. Hardened cement samples were cut into bars of 4.2 mm in diameter and 8.4 mm in length and then dried at 37 o C in air for 2 days. Compression tests were performed on a uniaxial mechanical tester operating at crosshead speed of 1mm/min. For evaluating anti-collapsibility, the cement paste was injected into deionized water directly and soaked in the water for 7 days and then moved to an orbital shaker for shaking tests at the speed of 50 rpm for 1 day and then at 100 rpm for another day.Microstructures of the starch-modified CPCs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity of the starch-modified CPC was evaluated by measuring proliferation of osteoblasts in the mixture of cement leaching solution and standard cell culture medium.Results: All the four types of starches studied here resulted in the reinforcements of CPC to different extents, including increased compressive strengths and moduli (Figure 1). Specifically, adding 10 wt.% corn starch and 3 wt.% Ca-modified starch leade...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, attempts were made to improve these properties. This was performed by incorporating other phases [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or by reducing the porosity of the cements with liquefiers and/or by compacting. [21][22][23][24] As a result, strengths comparable to human cortical bone (130-180 MPa compressive strength, 135-193 MPa flexural strength) could be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of a Magnesium‐Ammonium‐Phosphate Cement with Calcium Phosphate Whiskers

et al. 2015

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Self-setting resorbable phosphate cements are characterized by an excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, poor mechanical properties restrict their application. Most studies which characterize phosphate cements mechanically focus on strength measurements. Examinations of mechanical reliability and facture toughness were hardly performed. In this study, calcium phosphate whisker-reinforced magnesium-ammoniumphosphate (struvite) cements were examined at the whiskermatrix interface and the measured strength, reliability and toughness values were correlated to these observations. Moreover, the toughening mechanisms were evaluated. It was shown that whisker incorporation is not beneficial for material strength. It led to a strength decrease from 29.8 to 21.8 MPa by the incorporation of 15 vol% calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) whiskers compared to the pure struvite cement. Weibull statistics and microstructural observations revealed that this is caused by the whisker-matrix interface, which acts as a flaw. In contrast with that, the reliability increases upon whisker incorporation. Furthermore, the critical stress intensity factor K IC as well as the work-of-fracture c wof increase from 0.52 to 0.60 MPam 1/2 and from 9.5 to 12.9 J/m² by the addition of 15 vol% CDHA whiskers compared to the original struvite cement. It was shown that whisker pull-out and crack deflection are the main mechanisms responsible for this increase.

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“…Bioceramics represent a broad range of inorganic/nonmetallic compositions including hydroxyapatite (HA), bioactive glass, and calcium phosphate cements . They have been extensively used, especially in the particulate form and their osteogenic potential and positive effects on the acceleration of bone healing have been demonstrated by many authors …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 They have been extensively used, especially in the particulate form and their osteogenic potential and positive effects on the acceleration of bone healing have been demonstrated by many authors. [2][3][4][5][6] One of the most used biomaterial ceramic is the synthetic HA, which has similar chemical composition when compared to bone. [5][6][7] In addition, it does not present any toxicity, and it has high chemical stability and absence of inflammatory or antigenic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6] One of the most used biomaterial ceramic is the synthetic HA, which has similar chemical composition when compared to bone. [5][6][7] In addition, it does not present any toxicity, and it has high chemical stability and absence of inflammatory or antigenic reactions. 8,9 However, the rate of degradability of this material is slow and does not match with the rate of new bone formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocompatibility of a porous alumina ceramic scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass

Kido

Ribeiro

Oliveira

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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This study aimed to evaluate the osteointegration and genotoxic potential of a bioactive scaffold, composed of alumina and coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass, after their implantation in tibias of rats. For this purpose, Wistar rats underwent surgery to induce a tibial bone defect, which was filled with the bioactive scaffolds. Histology analysis (descriptive and morphometry) of the bone tissue and the single-cell gel assay (comet) in multiple organs (blood, liver, and kidney) were used to reach this aim after a period of 30, 60, 90, and 180 days of material implantation. The main findings showed that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite and bioglass in the alumina scaffolds produced a suitable environment for bone ingrowth in the tibial defects and did not demonstrate any genotoxicity in the organs evaluated in all experimental periods. These results clearly indicate that the bioactive scaffolds used in this study present osteogenic potential and still exhibit local and systemic biocompatibility. These findings are promising once they convey important information about the behavior of this novel biomaterial in biological system and highlight its possible clinical application.

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Reinforcing of a Calcium Phosphate Cement with Hydroxyapatite Crystals of Various Morphologies

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

Reinforcement of a Magnesium‐Ammonium‐Phosphate Cement with Calcium Phosphate Whiskers

Biocompatibility of a porous alumina ceramic scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass

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