Reinforcing effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and office waste paper fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) composites

Zhang, Xiaolin; Li, Shaoge; Li, Jia; Fu, Baiqiao; Di, Jingjing; Xu, Long; Zhu, Xiaofeng

doi:10.1002/app.50462

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, PLA with 20 wt.% WP and compatibilized with γ-(2,3-propylene oxide) propyltrimethylsilane (KH560) presented higher tensile strength (14%) and water resistance than the other composites. In subsequent work, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from WP and mixed with PLA resulting in a composite with higher mechanical properties than neat PLA, such as tensile (8.2%), flexural (13.1%) and impact strength (35.9%) at 3 wt.% NCC [ 78 ]. Then, WP was mixed with a PLA/NCC composite and showed improved mechanical properties and water absorption compared to neat PLA, but this was still lower than PLA/NCC.…”

Section: Waste Paper-polymeric Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review focuses on polymeric waste-paper composites, including state-of-the-art analysis with quantitative and qualitative discussions. Waste paper is a valuable cellulose-rich material, produced mainly from office paper, newspaper, and paper sludge, which can be recycled and returned to paper production or used in a new life cycle. A systematic literature review found 75 publications on this material over the last 27 years, with half of those published during the last five years. These data represent an increasing trend in the number of publications and citations that have shown an interest in this field. Most of them investigated the physicomechanical properties of composites using different contents of raw waste paper or the treated, modified, and cellulose-extracted types. The results show that polyethylene and polypropylene are the most used matrices, but polylactic acid, a biodegradable/sourced polymer, has the most citations. The scientific relevance of waste-paper composites as a subject includes the increasing trend of the number of publications and citations over the years, as well as the gaps identified by keyword mapping and the qualitative discussion of the papers. Therefore, biopolymers and biobased polymers could be investigated more, as well as novel applications. The environmental impact in terms of stability and degradation should also receive more attention regarding sustainability and life cycle analyses.

show abstract

Section: Waste Paper-polymeric Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…35 Many nucleating agents like talc, clay, nano-silica, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and natural cellulosic fibers have shown a remarkable increase in accelerating crystallization of PLA. [36][37][38] Across these nuclear agents, organic natural cellulose gets more attention because of their stability and availability. 39,40 Cellulose is a natural hydrophilic biodegradable nanomaterial, which has cellulosic sources and produced via a hydrolysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of cellulose nanofibers on the morphological behavior and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of extruded polylactic acid/cellulose nanofibril nanocomposite foam

Sadeghi

Marfavi

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polylactic acid (PLA) foams were introduced as a good substitute for oil-based foams. Much research has been done on the autoclave of PLA foam, but discontinuous processes are not attractive for industries. In order to reduce the distance between the PLA foaming process and industrialization, it is necessary to introduce continuous processes. In this work, two solutions to improve the foaming of PLA are presented: using the extrusion process and adding cellulose nanofibers. So, in this study, a twin screw extruder was used by blowing agent, CO 2 , and in order to better dissolve the gas, a static mixer was used before the die. The molecular weight of the original PLA after extrusion has reduced in the range from 20%-28% due to the hydrolysis of the ester bond in the PLA. With the cellulose nanofiber loading, nucleation and cell density have enhanced. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) microscopic images for the nanocomposites containing 1.5 wt% of cellulose nanofiber showed the highest cellular expansion and for the nanocomposites containing 2.0 wt% of cellulose nanofiber showed the most uniform cell distribution and it confirmed the density results and the calculated expansion ratio. Finally, by examining the dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis, it can be stated that the composition of cellulose nanofibers improves the mechanical and dynamic properties of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced PLA.

show abstract

“…[5][6][7] The academic community and the industrial sectors have invested efforts to use natural fibers during development of hybrid materials, giving rise to the so-called ecocomposites or biocomposites. 8,9 Currently, ecological composites are being extensively investigated with polymers with lower environmental impact, such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polycaprolactone (PCL), [10][11][12][13][14][15] aiming at sustainable development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jatobá wood flour: An alternative for the production of ecological and sustainable PCL biocomposites

Luna

Filho

Siqueira

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The industrial residue of Jatobá wood flour (JWF) was reused during production of biocomposites based on polycaprolactone (PCL), 50% by weight of JWF was added to PCL matrix. Initially, maleic anhydride-grafted polycaprolactone compatibilizer (PCL-g-MA) was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and degree of grafting. Afterwards, PCL/JWF and PCL/JWF/PCL-g-MA biocomposites were processed in an internal mixer and injection molded. From the gathered results, increase in torque and reduction in the melt flow index of PCL/JWF biocomposites were verified related to neat PCL. Upon addition of PCL-g-MA to PCL/JWF there was a lubricating effect with reduced torque and increased fluidity. PCL/JWF displayed increased elastic modulus, Shore D hardness, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) around 158.5%, 16% and 24.5%, respectively, related to PCL. Nevertheless, there was decline in tensile strength and impact strength, which were improved in PCL/JWF/PCL-g-MA, suggesting higher interaction among phases, providing greater stress transfer. An interesting finding was the nucleating effect of JWF in PCL matrix, as the increased degree of crystallinity and accelerated crystallization. Morphology of PCL/JWF evidenced several voids, but upon compatibilization with PCL-g-MA, the interfacial adhesion and wetness increased, improving the mechanical properties. JWF reusing presents great potential to produce sustainable biocomposites, reducing the final product costs.

show abstract

Reinforcing effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and office waste paper fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

Impacts of cellulose nanofibers on the morphological behavior and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of extruded polylactic acid/cellulose nanofibril nanocomposite foam

Jatobá wood flour: An alternative for the production of ecological and sustainable PCL biocomposites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About