Reinforcement of Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels with Bioceramics for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Study

Abstract

This study states the preparation of novel ink with potential use for bone and cartilage tissue restoration. 3Dprint manufacturing allows customizing prostheses and complex morphologies of any traumatism. The quest for bioinks that increase the restoration rate based on printable polymers is a need. This study is focused on main steps, the synthesis of two bioceramic materials as WO3 and Na2Ti6O13, its integration into a biopolymeric-base matrix of Alginate and Gelatin to support the particles in a complete scaffold to trigger the potential nucleation of crystals of calcium phosphates, and its comparative study with independent systems of formulations with bioceramic particles as Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2. FT-IR and SEM studies result in hydroxyapatite’s potential nucleation, which can generate bone or cartilage tissue regeneration systems with low or null cytotoxicity. These composites were tested by cell culture techniques to assess their biocompatibility. Moreover, the reinforcement was compared individually by mechanical tests with higher results on synthesized materials Na2Ti6O13 with 35 kPa and WO3 with 63 kPa. Finally, the integration of these composite materials formulated by Alginate/Gelatin and bioceramic has been characterized as functional for further manufacturing with the aid of novel biofabrication techniques such as 3D printing.

Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramic Implants for Restoration Bone Engineering: Technologies, Advances, and Future Perspectives

“…Composite implants were obtained by printing a mixture of alginate-gelatin hydrogels and bioceramics including Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , etc. by Avila-Ramirez et al These implants are shown in Figure e, the implants with consistent architecture and well-defined boundaries. The implants were immersed in simulated body fluids for 21 days in which the levels of calcium and phosphorus concentrations were measured, and the indicators showed that the composite implant supported the growth of the endothelial cell C166 line.…”

“…As the concentration of HA increased, the morphology of the hydrogel changed from translucent to opaque. 95 Copyright 2021 MDPI. g) GelMA-HA hydrogel on the first day of live−dead analysis; HA can be seen as black needle-like bodies.…”

“…f) GelMA-HA hydrogel on the first day of live−dead analysis; HA can be seen as black needle-like bodies. As the concentration of HA increased, the morphology of the hydrogel changed from translucent to opaque 95. Copyright 2021 MDPI.…”

Addition of Bone‐Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to 3D‐Printed Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel Containing Freeze‐Dried Bone Nanoparticles Accelerates Regeneration of Critical Size Bone Defects

“…Moreover, viscosity assumes a critical role in preserving hydrogel stability during the extrusion process, as an increased layering of hydrogel induces augmented pressure. [45] Giuseppe et al have indicated that extending the crosslinking duration also constitutes a vital aspect in augmenting the mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds. [33] In our study, the Alg6Gel6 concentration closely approximated the 5% alginate/6% gelatin hydrogel concentration in Giuseppe et al's investigation.…”