Reinforcement‐material effects on the compression behavior of polymer composites

Abstract

Additive manufacturing technique fused filament fabrication (FFF) has found widespread usage in a variety of sectors, because of its ability to produce parts with arbitrary geometries and intricate internal structures. This study focuses on the characterization of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composites under compressive force to learn more about how various nozzle diameter (ND) and infill pattern (IP) affect the fabricated specimens. The specimens are created with various combination of IPs (triangular, honeycomb, and rectilinear) and NDs (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm) utilizing three polymer composites namely carbon fiber filled PLA (CF-PLA), carbon fiber filled PETG (CF-PETG), and multi walled carbon nano tubes filled PLA (MWCNTs-PLA). According to the findings, the higher ND improves the compressive properties of the polymer composites. The IP also has significant impact on the compressive properties of the fabricated specimens. The overall minimum compressive strength of 14.612 MPa at ND 0.2 mm and honeycomb IP for CF-PLA specimen. The overall maximum compressive strength achieved is 45.269 MPa at ND 0.6 mm and rectilinear IP for MWCNTs-PLA specimen.Therefore, the compressive strength is enhanced by 209.81% by modifying the process parameters and filament material. Based on statistical analysis using Taguchi method, the ND contributes highest, 79.61% to compressive strength of MWCNTs-PLA specimens, but for CF-PLA and CF-PETG specimens, IP contributes highest, 52.65% and 57.91%, respectively. The aforementioned findings will be extremely useful to scientists attempting to achieve sustainability through the use of polymer composites and FFF process.compressive behavior, fused filament fabrication, infill pattern, nozzle diameter, polymer composites | INTRODUCTIONAdditive manufacturing (AM) has evolved from a prototyping technique to one employed in the manufacture of finished, consumer-ready goods. Additively manufactured components are increasingly used as structural components in today's technical practise. [1][2][3] The time required to obtain a working component or assembly is drastically reduced using this method. Therefore, it is important to think about how different mechanical loads and the effects of the environment over time will affect the final part's qualities and behavior. The AM of

Polymeric composites in extrusion‐based additive manufacturing: a systematic review

“…It has been compounded with ceramics, 67,86 natural reinforcements, 98,162 glass fiber, 131,148,149 carbon fiber, 163 and carbon black. 176 On the other hand, PETG has been more frequently reinforced with carbonaceous components 95,104,110,124,131,132,177 and has composed the first successful introduction of metal alloy micro-fibers in additive manufacturing of thermoplastics. 112 With more restricted publication numbers, composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polycarbonate (PC) have been explored with ceramic reinforcements 69,77,86,96,160 and carbon fiber, 147 while thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has usually been associated with investigations in which flexibility is desired, including the development of electrically conductive composites, 175 the applicability in piezoresistive sensors, 129 and the design of humidity-responsive structures.…”

“…110 Extensive research has been directed toward characterizing printed parts composed of CFRPs in terms of their mechanical properties, 85,88,100,103,116,120,164,170,180 tribological behavior, 82 dimensional accuracy, 120 electrical conductivity, 99 and thermal and flameretardant characteristics. 170 Considering the same reinforcing material, more expressive efforts have also focused on investigating how the overall extrudate behavior is affected by voids, 80 process parameters and deposition patterns, 102,105,107,109,124,151,161,167,177,181 fiber settings, 150,154 filament processing conditions, 163 and magnetic fields. 133 The accessibility, ease of processing, and desirable mechanical properties of carbon fiber/ polymer composites for 3D printing have led to the usage of these materials for developing prosthetic fittings, 119 landing gears for unmanned aerial vehicles, 131 sandwich structures, 174 and variable-stiffness laminates.…”

Augmenting the flexural strength of polymer composites for stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets

“…15 Although they combine the greatest qualities of each distinct component, hybrids function better than their individual elements and have the potential to make prostheses for amputees. 16 To increase its structural, conductive, and thermal properties, polymers can be reinforced with substances like continuous-flax, 17 Basalt fiber, 18 SWCNTs, MWCNTs, [19][20][21] and CF. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Carboncontaining reinforcing polymer nano-composites have a significant positive impact on the physical and mechanical characteristics of specimens.…”