Augmenting the flexural strength of polymer composites for stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop a novel approach to enhance the flexural strength of polymer composites used in the fabrication of prosthetic sockets. The effects of control factors such as nozzle hole diameter and internal filling pattern on the flexural behavior of three distinct composite materials were examined: poly lactic acid reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA‐CF), polyethylene terephthalate glycol reinforced with carbon fiber (PETG‐CF), and PLA reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PLA‐MWCNTs), fabricated through fused filament fabrication. During study, samples of each composite material were created using 3D printing technology and underwent flexural testing. Fractography was then performed on the samples, and statistical analysis techniques, including Taguchi's method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to analyze the results. The study found that the flexural behavior of the prosthetic socket materials varied significantly based on the control factors used. Specifically, a nozzle hole diameter of 0.6 mm and a rectilinear internal filling pattern with PLA‐MWCNTs composite material had the highest flexural strength among the three materials tested. Through this study, the authors demonstrated the potential to improve the design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets, which can lead to better functionality and comfort for the user. The low‐cost transtibial prosthetic socket developed in this study using the optimized composite material and 3D printing technology shows promise as an application in the field of prosthetics. This research can pave the way for the development of even stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets in the future.

Characterization of flexural and compressive behavior in polylactic acid composites for low‐cost transtibial prosthetic applications: Influence of reinforcements

“…Each of these PCs contributes to the overall performance and durability of the prosthesis. To optimize the performance of FFF‐printed parts, researchers have extensively explored the influence of various PCs, including the IFP, raster angle, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, 25–32 and NHD 33–35 …”