Reinforced microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from polluted soil samples using an in-needle coated fiber with polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposite

Abstract

The surface of a stainless-steel wire was platinized using electrophoretic deposition method to create a high-surface-area with porous and cohesive substrate. The platinized fiber was coated by the polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposite by electropolymerization and accommodated into a stainless-steel needle to fabricate an in-needle coated fiber. The developed setup was coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and applied to extract and determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) in complicated solid matrices, along with reinforcement of the extraction by cooling the sorbent, using liquid carbon dioxide. To obtain the best extraction efficiency, the important experimental variables including extraction temperature and time, temperature of cooled sorbent, sampling flow rate, and desorption condition were studied. Under the optimal condition, limits of detection for five studied analytes were in the range of 0.2-0.8 pg/g. Linear dynamic ranges for the calibration curves were found to be in the range of 0.001-1000 ng/g. Relative standard deviations obtained for six replicated analyses of 1 ng/g of analytes were 4.9-13.5%. The reinforced in-needle coated fiber method was successfully applied for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil samples.

Development of a needle trap device packed with modified PAF-6-MNPs for sampling and analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds in air

“…Needle Trap Device (NTD), as a novel sampling and analysis methods, is based on the solid phase extraction method, [13][14][15] akin to Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME). However, unlike SPME method, the NTD is considered an active sampling method, which is based on using a personal sampling pump.…”

“…13,16 NTD involves packing a specic amount of absorbent inside a small needle, enabling the trapping and qualitative/quantitative iden-tication of analytes in air samples. NTDs are inexpensive, robust, reusable, and suitable for single-step sampling [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from different matrices. Their user-friendly operation and ability to detect low concentrations of organic compounds have garnered signicant attention from scientists worldwide.…”

Polyindole and polypyrrole as a sustainable platform for environmental remediation and sensor applications

“…The core part of the CABER technology is BER which is used to enhance the system operation by reinforcing the reduction process. Higher current density produced by PPY on 186 . PPY/GO thin film was coated on the platinized surface of stainless-steel fiber employing an appropriate electropolymerization method.…”

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered hazardous soil contaminants, which are produced mainly by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. 185 Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is one of the most familiar modern techniques to detect and quantify PAHs in contaminated soils 186 because it is an effortlessly automated solvent-free, fast, and effective sample preparation technique. However, SPME fibers are also faced with some weaknesses such as high cost, fragility, limited sorption capacity, and swelling in organic solvents.…”

“…Mina Behfar et al reported the microextraction of PAHs from contaminated soil samples using an in-needle coated fiber (INCF) with a platinized fiber coated by a PPY/GO nanocomposite film. 186 PPY/GO thin film was coated on the platinized surface of stainless-steel fiber employing an appropriate electropolymerization method. One of the major difficulties in analyzing natural solid samples such as sediments and soils is the strong attachment of the analytes to active sites and existence as complex matrices.…”