Regulatory effect of dietary intake of chromium propionate on the response of monocyte-derived macrophages from Holstein cows in mid lactation

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) has been reported to enhance immune function and improve insulin sensitivity and performance in beef and dairy cattle. However, its effect on bovine macrophage inflammatory and metabolic response is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of dietary Cr on the inflammatory and metabolic response of polarized macrophages ex vivo. Twelve primiparous and 16 multiparous healthy Holstein cows in mid lactation (143 ± 37 d in milk) were enrolled in this study. Cows were fed a common total mixed ration once per day that was top-dressed with 200 g of ground corn containing 1 of 2 dietary treatments: control (CTL, no Cr supplementation) or Cr propionate (CrP, 8 mg of Cr/cow per day) for 35 d. At d 1, 17, and 35 of treatment, blood monocytes were isolated and cultured to obtain 3 monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotypes: M0 (non-polarized), M1 (pro-inflammatory; IFN-γ polarized) and M2 (anti-inflammatory; IL-4 polarized). The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design. Neither dry matter intake nor milk yield was affected by treatment. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and the metabolic and inflammatory response of MDM in spent media were not affected by treatment. Neither the whole blood cell population nor the specific proportion of leukocytes was affected by the main effect of treatment. However, we did observe a trend for fewer circulating neutrophils in cows fed CrP than in cows fed CTL for 35 d, which may be partly attributable to a greater influx of neutrophils into peripheral tissues, a reduced pro-inflammatory response during disease, or both; this warrants future study. Expression of IGFI was increased in MDM-M0, and expression of CXCL11 tended to increase in MDM-M2 from cows fed CrP compared with cows fed CTL. Expression of SLC2A3 also tended to increase in MDM-M2 from cows fed CrP compared with cows fed CTL at 17 d. Our results suggest that CrP has minimal effect on the inflammatory and metabolic response of MDM for Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the differential regulation of Cr on the inflammatory and metabolic response of leukocytes from dairy cows at different stages of lactation and parity.

The effect of host genetics on in vitro performance of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages

“…Different research groups have frequently observed the complete or partial failure of macrophages in producing NO − in cultures containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). The MDM from humans, cattle, sheep, goats, badgers, and ferrets in a culture containing FBS were found to be unable to produce a detectable level of NO − or approximately 20-to 50-fold less than macrophages from chickens (Denis, 1994;Dumarey et al, 1994;Arias et al, 1997;Ohki et al, 1999;Sacco et al, 2006;Zelnickova et al, 2008;Khalifeh et al, 2009;Guimarães et al, 2011;Azevedo et al, 2016;Bilham et al, 2017;Garcia et al, 2017). The FBS contains a considerable amount of immuno-regulatory cytokines and bioactive molecules.…”

Choline Regulates the Function of Bovine Immune Cells and Alters the mRNA Abundance of Enzymes and Receptors Involved in Its Metabolism in vitro

“…The cell isolation procedure was performed as described elsewhere ( 24 , 25 ) with minor modifications for isolation of different cell types. Briefly, diluted blood (2× with 2 mM EDTA in phosphate-buffered saline) underwent a differential gradient centrifugation step using Ficoll-paque PLUS (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA).…”

Alteration of chemokine production in bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells under heat stress conditions

“…Particularly, the rapid attraction of neutrophils contributes to the elimination of bacteria (Brodzki et al., 2014; Sheldon et al., 2014). In addition, the MΦs are attracted following neutrophils and are not only involved in bacterial elimination but also the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, the orchestration of inflammation, the activation of other immune cells (T‐ and B‐cells) and tissue repair (Dadarwal et al., 2017; Fischer et al., 2010; Garcia et al., 2017; Kauma, 2000; Sheldon et al., 2014).…”