Regulation of resistance and susceptibility in wheat–powdery mildew pathosystem with exogenous cytokinins

Бабоша, А. В.

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2009.05.014

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This bell-shaped response is reminiscent of other physiological responses regulated by cytokinin, such as shoot initiation in vitro [38], [39] and the induction of ethylene biosynthesis [40]. In particular, this finding is similar to the effect of exogenous cytokinin on the response of wheat to powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis ), in which a complex dose response curve of pathogen growth was obtained in response to exogenous zeatin [20]. While multiple processes such as cytokinin uptake, degradation and conjugation likely contribute to the complexity of this response, our findings highlight the importance of hormone concentrations during the responses of plants to pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Conversely, increases in cytokinin content are associated with the formation of ‘green-islands’, photosynthetically active leaf tissue supporting a region of pathogen growth and surrounded by senescent tissue [18]. Increased cytokinin content is associated with increased pathogen growth in several plant species [19], [20]. Finally, many fungal and bacterial pathogens can produce cytokinins [21], presumably used to manipulate host cell physiology to the pathogen's benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Component Elements Mediate Interactions between Cytokinin and Salicylic Acid in Plant Immunity

et al. 2012

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Recent studies have revealed an important role for hormones in plant immunity. We are now beginning to understand the contribution of crosstalk among different hormone signaling networks to the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate development and responses to the environment. Cytokinin signaling involves a phosphorelay circuitry similar to two-component systems used by bacteria and fungi to perceive and react to various environmental stimuli. In this study, we asked whether cytokinin and components of cytokinin signaling contribute to plant immunity. We demonstrate that cytokinin levels in Arabidopsis are important in determining the amplitude of immune responses, ultimately influencing the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. We show that high concentrations of cytokinin lead to increased defense responses to a virulent oomycete pathogen, through a process that is dependent on salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activation of defense gene expression. Surprisingly, treatment with lower concentrations of cytokinin results in increased susceptibility. These functions for cytokinin in plant immunity require a host phosphorelay system and are mediated in part by type-A response regulators, which act as negative regulators of basal and pathogen-induced SA–dependent gene expression. Our results support a model in which cytokinin up-regulates plant immunity via an elevation of SA–dependent defense responses and in which SA in turn feedback-inhibits cytokinin signaling. The crosstalk between cytokinin and SA signaling networks may help plants fine-tune defense responses against pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Component Elements Mediate Interactions between Cytokinin and Salicylic Acid in Plant Immunity

et al. 2012

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“…tabaci ( Pta ) in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana , respectively (Choi et al ., ,b; Grosskinsky et al ., ; Argueso et al ., ). However, CK treatments can also lead to increased susceptibility of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) to powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminins ) infection when applied at low concentrations (0.25–1.5 μM) (Babosha, ). Overall, besides physiological changes mediated by CK signaling, different CK concentrations also affect resistance in different plant hosts and to a variety of pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pseudomonas type III effector HopQ1 activates cytokinin signaling and interferes with plant innate immunity

Hann¹,

Domínguez-Ferreras²,

Motyka

et al. 2013

New Phytologist

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SummaryWe characterized the molecular function of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) effector HopQ1.In silico studies suggest that HopQ1 might possess nucleoside hydrolase activity based on the presence of a characteristic aspartate motif. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing HopQ1 or HopQ1 aspartate mutant variants were characterized with respect to flagellin triggered immunity, phenotype and changes in phytohormone content by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS (HPLC-MS).We found that HopQ1, but not its aspartate mutants, suppressed all tested immunity marker assays. Suppression of immunity was the result of a lack of the flagellin receptor FLS2, whose gene expression was abolished by HopQ1 in a promoter-dependent manner. Furthermore, HopQ1 induced cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis and the elevation in cytokinin signaling appears to be responsible for the attenuation of FLS2 expression.We conclude that HopQ1 can activate cytokinin signaling and that moderate activation of cytokinin signaling leads to suppression of FLS2 accumulation and thus defense signaling.

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“…One may speculate that cytokinin-like compounds could enhance protection against other opportunistic fungal pathogens diseases and in other plants. Recently, using a bioassay with detached wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves inoculated with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), floated on zeatin, a natural cytokinin, could decrease or increase susceptibility depending on zeatin concentration, presence of thidiazuron, and mineral nutrition (Babosha 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delaying Early Blight Onset in Potato with Thidiazuron

Pavlišta

Gall

2010

Am. J. Pot Res

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Alternaria solani is an opportunistic pathogen causing early blight in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Cytokinin growth regulators delay senescence. Can thidiazuron and kinetin, synthetic cytokinins, prolong the fungicidal activity of mancozeb and chlorothalonil-Zn against early blight? Trials were conducted from 2001 to 2005 on 'Atlantic' potato. Mancozeb and chlorothalonilZn were applied with and without Thidiazuron at 140, 280, and 560 g/ha, and kinetin at 1.5 g/ha in four applications starting at 400 physiological days. Early blight progress was monitored. Thidiazuron at 280 and 560 g/ha, and kinetin at 1.5 g/ha delayed disease onset by 4 and 2 days, respectively. Thidiazuron extended protection by the fungicides by 3 days. Kinetin did not. The AUDPCs showed a 33% decrease when thidiazuron was added to the fungicides. Thidiazuron, probably acting as a cytokinin, extended fungicidal activity on early blight progress in potato suggesting that using thidiazuron with fungicides may enhance plant protection against diseases.Resumen Alternaria solani es un patógeno oportunista causante del tizón temprano en papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los reguladores de crecimiento citocininas retardan senectud. ¿Pueden thidiazuron y cinetina, citocininas sintéticas, prolongar la actividad fungicida de mancozeb y clorotalonilZn contra el tizón temprano? Se condujeron ensayos de 2001 a 2005 en papa "Atlantic". Se aplicaron mancozeb y clorotalonil-Zn con y sin thidiazuron a 140, 280, y 560 g/ ha, y cinetina a 1.5 g/ha en cuatro aplicaciones empezando a los 400 días fisiológicos. Se monitoreó el avance del tizón temprano. Thidiazuron a 280 y 560 g/ha, y cinetina a 1.5 g/ ha retrasaron el establecimiento de la enfermedad por 2 y 4 días, respectivamente. Thidiazuron extendió la protección por los fungicidas en tres días. La cinetina no. Las AUDPCs mostraron un 33% de decremento cuando se agregó thidiazuron a los fungicidas. Thidiazuron, probablemente actuando como una cinetina, extendió la actividad fungicida en el avance del tizón temprano en papa, sugiriendo que el uso de thidiazuron con fungicidas podría aumentar la protección de la planta contra enfermedades.

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Regulation of resistance and susceptibility in wheat–powdery mildew pathosystem with exogenous cytokinins

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Two-Component Elements Mediate Interactions between Cytokinin and Salicylic Acid in Plant Immunity

Two-Component Elements Mediate Interactions between Cytokinin and Salicylic Acid in Plant Immunity

The Pseudomonas type III effector HopQ1 activates cytokinin signaling and interferes with plant innate immunity

Delaying Early Blight Onset in Potato with Thidiazuron

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