Regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases

Abstract

As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with environmental change and numerous biotic and abiotic stress. Upon perceiving environmental cues and stress signals using different types of receptors, plant cells initiate immediate and complicated signaling to regulate cellular processes and respond to stress. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) transduce signals from receptors to cellular components and play roles in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the hubbing roles of RLCKs in plant responses to biotic stress. Emerging evidence indicates the important regulatory roles of RLCKs in plant responses to abiotic stress, growth, and development. As a pivot of cellular signaling, the activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically and tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how RLCKs regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress.

Nonhost Resistance of Thinopyrum ponticum to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and the Effects of the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 Genes Introgressed to Wheat

“…When studying NHR, much attention is paid to active reactions, such as ROS generation, Ca 2+ influx, and the activation of MAPK cascades [65,93]. ROS perform multiple functions in immunity, including toxic effects on pathogens, messenger in signaling, destruction of cytoplasm during HR, and lignification of cell walls [94,95].…”

“…The enzyme is activated by the Ca 2+ fluxes that occur after the recognition of the pathogen's metabolites by surface receptors. Ca 2+ influx is important for the induction of PRR-and NLR-mediated immunity and downstream signaling [65,93,96,97]. The inhibitors of Ca 2+channels (verapamil and staurosporin) suppress the ion movement and prevent O 2…”

“…ETI is usually accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a hypersensitive reaction (HR) [61,62]. The earliest responses of plants after the recognition of PAMPs and effectors are Ca 2+ influx, ROS generation, and induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades [61,[63][64][65]. The PTI-ETI model has been well studied on Arabidopsis thaliana, but it needs to be tested in other pathosystems.…”

Network Analysis of Publicly Available RNA-seq Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense against Multiple Fungal Pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…The gene modules from the plant-infected network, chocolate, dodgerblue1, green and chocolate2 with positive correlations (R 2 of 0.98, 0.96, 0.95, 0.91, respectively), displayed overrepresented molecular functions of genes associated with regulating gene expression and signal transduction, which are the primary stress response mechanisms. These functions included protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0004672), RNA binding (GO:000373) and unfolded protein binding (GO:0051082) (Figure 5, Table S2) [73,74].…”

Promising approaches for simultaneous enhancement of medicinally significant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in opium poppy

“…The underlying mechanism whereby an elicitor induces the biosynthesis of BIA in opium poppy is analogous to that of other phytochemical compounds in other plant species. When challenged by abiotic and biotic stimuli, the poppy plants witness a series of intracellular events, ranging from physiological to biochemical ( Figure 1 ): The receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) anchoring the plasma membrane sense an external elicitor ( Liang and Zhang, 2022 ), initiating the transfer of the signal to the downstream proteins present in the plasma membrane and cytosol, resulting in their reversible phosphorylation. The receptors are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom.…”