Regulation of noradrenaline release by presynaptic receptor systems

Presynaptic plasticity: The regulation of Ca2+-dependent transmitter release

“…Effectively, the voltage dependence of the Ca 2 + channels and thus of the triggering of transmitter release, is shifted to more depolarized potentials. Many other presynaptic receptors have been described to mediate inhibition of the presynaptic stimulus-secretion coupling (see Chesselet, 1984), such as ~2-adrenergic receptors (see for instance, Starke, 1977;Maura et al, 1982), adenosine A,-receptors (Prince and Stevens, 1992;Barrie and Nicholls, 1993), opioid receptors (see for instance, Hagan and Hughes, 1984;McWilliam and Campbell, 1987). For these receptors the most likely targets are presynaptic K + channels and Ca 2 + channels, either via G proteins or through intracellular messengers.…”

β-adrenoceptor blocker treatment and the cardiac β-adrenoceptor-G-protein(s)-adenylyl cyclase system in chronic heart failure

“…The subclassification of adrenoceptors (AR) into the subtypes α and β was initially introduced into the pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system in 1948 by Ahlquist (1948) to explain the differences in action of noradrenaline and adrenaline. With the development of new and more specific drugs, it rapidly became apparent that both α-and β-AR can be subdivided into at least two subtypes: α-AR in the subtypes α-1 and α-2 (Langer 1974;Starke 1977), β-AR into the subtypes β-1 and β-2 (Lands et al 1967). In the last 10 years, with the introduction of molecular biology techniques into pharmacology, further AR subtypes have been introduced.…”

Chronic Reboxetine Desensitizes Terminal but not Somatodendritic α2-Adrenoceptors Controlling Noradrenaline Release in the Rat Dorsal Hippocampus

“…NA is taken up by the NA transporter found exclusively on the neuronal membrane of noradrenergic cells (Lorang et al, 1994). Activation of terminal a 2 -adrenoceptors by the endogenous transmitter or exogenous receptor agonists reduces NA release (L'Heureux et al, 1986;Starke, 1977;Westfall, 1977), whereas blockade of these receptors has the opposite effect (Dennis et al, 1987;Gobert et al, 1997;Mateo et al, 1998;Wortley et al, 1999). Somatodendritic a 2 -adrenoceptors, by controlling the firing activity of NA neurons of the LC (Cedarbaum and Aghajanian, 1976;Svensson et al, 1975), contribute to the regulation of action potential-dependent release of NA (Florin-Lechner et al, 1996).…”