Regulation of miRNAs Affects Radiobiological Response of Lung Cancer Stem Cells

Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) is a key therapeutic strategy for lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but radioresistance often occurs and leads to failure of RT. It is therefore important to clarify the mechanism underlying radioresistance in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the fundamental reason for radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as important regulatory molecules of CSCs, carcinogenesis, and treatment response of cancers. It is crucial to clarify how regulation of miRNAs affects repair of DNA damage, redistribution, repopulation, reoxygenation, and radiosensitivity (5R) of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). A thorough understanding of the regulation of miRNAs affecting 5R of LCSCs has potential impact on identifying novel targets and thus may improve the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: MicroRNA-320a acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting BCR/ABL oncogene in chronic myeloid leukemia

“…miRNAs take a part in crucial cellular processes such as the stress response, development, differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation 6 . Altered miRNA expression has been reported in numerous malignancies, including breast 7 , lung 8 , liver 9 , stomach 10 , colon 11 , brain 12 , leukemia 10 , and lymphoma 11 . An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and they are often dysregulated in tumors 12 13 .…”

MicroRNAs and Their Impact on Radiotherapy for Cancer

“…Beyond their use as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, the manipulation of miRNAs may offer new opportunities in the treatment of cancer . Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in radiation-induced gene expression, cell-signaling events and regulation of damage-response pathways (16,17). Most interestingly, miRNAs have been shown to modulate radiosensitivity (1,5).…”

The Role of miR-34a in Tritiated Water Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

“…The function of miRNAs is to suppress gene expression; therefore, they take part in many cellular processes, including DNA damage response and repair. 4 MiR-34a is one of the direct target genes of p53, and the expression of ectopic miR-34a can induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or restraint of migration and invasion. 5 – 8 In our previous study, we showed that miR-34a is downregulated after HTO exposure and further studied the functions of miR-34a to elucidate its role in mediating cell responses to HTO exposure.…”