Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise

Abstract

Sarcopenia refers to a condition of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures in older adults. Musculoskeletal aging leads to reduced muscle mass and strength, affecting the quality of life in elderly people. In recent years, several studies contributed to improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological alterations that lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Muscle development and homeostasis require a fine gene expression modulation by mechanisms in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. miRNAs modulate key steps of skeletal myogenesis including satellite cells renewal, skeletal muscle plasticity, and regeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the general aspects of muscle regeneration and miRNAs role in skeletal mass homeostasis and plasticity with a special interest in their expression in sarcopenia and skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in the elderly.

Non-Coding RNAs in the Transcriptional Network That Differentiates Skeletal Muscles of Sedentary from Long-Term Endurance- and Resistance-Trained Elderly

“…While most myomiRs are expressed both in the heart and skeletal muscle, miR-208a is cardio-specific, and miR-206 is skeletal muscle-specific [ 24 ]. A detailed review on the role of miRNAs in satellite cell renewal has been recently published, with special attention to the myogenic factors that are targeted by miRNAs at each differentiation step [ 25 ]. In addition, a recent review [ 26 ] reported a number of variations in myomiR expression as a function of physical exercise, including the upregulation of miR-1 and miR-133a following acute exercise, but their downregulation after chronic exercise.…”

Regular football training down-regulates miR-1303 muscle expression in veterans

“…In particular, it improves muscle mass, resistance to fatigue and cardiovascular fitness, increasing general quality of life (Petriz et al 2017 ; Naseeb et al 2017 ; Gries et al 2018 ). Several studies have investigated the effects of different types of exercise on miRNA expression (Da Silva et al 2020 ; Falzone et al 2020 ; Fochi et al 2020 ). Only a few studies have investigated the correlation between exercise and miRNA expression in the elderly, particularly in acute or short-term training.…”

“…Although the biological ageing process is unstoppable, it has now been established that regular exercise can counter some of the adverse physiological and cognitive consequences of ageing. In recent years, it has been reported that different genes, proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in gene expression regulation during skeletal muscle ageing (Schmidt et al 2019 ; Fochi et al 2020 ).…”

Rehabilitation and Biomarkers of Stroke Recovery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

“…WP4 aims to define some psychological aspects, including distress, pain, and motivation, related to the long-term rehabilitation process and post-stroke outcome. WP5, WP6, and WP7 aim, respectively, to describe some issues about microbiota, microRNA expression, and oxidative stress phenomena associated with the mechanisms of post-stroke recovery in relation to long-term rehabilitation management ( 9 ).…”