Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis by Post-translational Protein Modifications

Sulis, Daniel Barletta; Wang, Jack

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00914

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system plays a critical role in the post-translational regulation of the enzymes and regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism (Sulis and Wang, 2020; Figure 3). F-box proteins are the structural subunit of the canonical SCF type E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase, which is required for targeting specific proteins for ubiquitination and degradation (Zhang and Liu, 2015).…”

Section: Post-translational Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant–environment interactions

Dong

Lin

2021

JIPB

729

429

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Phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant-environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plantenvironment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.

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Section: Post-translational Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant–environment interactions

Dong

Lin

2021

JIPB

729

429

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“…Lignin provides essential roles in water transport, mechanical support, pathogen resistance, and abiotic stress response (Wang et al ., 2014; Cesarino, 2019). The biosynthesis of lignin occurs in several consecutive reactions involving at least 11 different enzyme families and 24 metabolites (Sulis and Wang, 2020). The pathway is complex and regulated by a network of substrates and inhibitors that convert phenylalanine or tyrosine to monolignols through a metabolic grid (Li et al ., 2014; Wang et al ., 2014; Sulis and Wang, 2020).…”

Section: Plant Biomass Feedstocks With Industrial Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biosynthesis of lignin occurs in several consecutive reactions involving at least 11 different enzyme families and 24 metabolites (Sulis and Wang, 2020). The pathway is complex and regulated by a network of substrates and inhibitors that convert phenylalanine or tyrosine to monolignols through a metabolic grid (Li et al ., 2014; Wang et al ., 2014; Sulis and Wang, 2020). The monolignols are then transported to the lignifying zone and oxidized by peroxidases and laccases to phenoxy radicals for polymerization (Li et al ., 2014; Sulis and Wang, 2020).…”

Section: Plant Biomass Feedstocks With Industrial Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathway is complex and regulated by a network of substrates and inhibitors that convert phenylalanine or tyrosine to monolignols through a metabolic grid (Li et al ., 2014; Wang et al ., 2014; Sulis and Wang, 2020). The monolignols are then transported to the lignifying zone and oxidized by peroxidases and laccases to phenoxy radicals for polymerization (Li et al ., 2014; Sulis and Wang, 2020). The 11 enzyme families involved in monolignol biosynthesis are phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase (C4H), 4‐coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), p ‐hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA: shikimate p ‐hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), p ‐coumarate 3‐hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase (CCR), coniferaldehyde 5‐hydroxylase (CAld5H), 5‐hydroxyconiferaldehyde O ‐methyltransferase (AldOMT), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) (Li et al ., 2014; Wang et al ., 2019b).…”

Section: Plant Biomass Feedstocks With Industrial Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophilic microbial deconstruction and conversion of natural and transgenic lignocellulose

Bing

Sulis

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The potential to convert renewable plant biomasses into fuels and chemicals by microbial processes presents an attractive, less environmentally intense alternative to conventional routes based on fossil fuels. This would best be done with microbes that natively deconstruct lignocellulose and concomitantly form industrially relevant products, but these two physiological and metabolic features are rarely and simultaneously observed in nature. Genetic modification of both plant feedstocks and microbes can be used to increase lignocellulose deconstruction capability and generate industrially relevant products. Separate efforts on plants and microbes are ongoing, but these studies lack a focus on optimal, complementary combinations of these disparate biological systems to obtain a convergent technology. Improving genetic tools for plants have given rise to the generation of low-lignin lines that are more readily solubilized by microorganisms. Most focus on the microbiological front has involved thermophilic bacteria from the genera Caldicellulosiruptor and Clostridium, given their capacity to degrade lignocellulose and to form bio-products through metabolic engineering strategies enabled by ever-improving molecular genetics tools. Bioengineering plant properties to better fit the deconstruction capabilities of candidate consolidated bioprocessing microorganisms has potential to achieve the efficient lignocellulose deconstruction needed for industrial relevance.

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“…It is investigated that the activity of PAL in most cases is associated with the content of phenolic compounds and lignin, which play an important role in inducing resistance of plants to stress factors [8]. Thus, with the use of specific inhibitors of this enzyme in plants, inhibition of the formation of phenols and lignin precursors has been shown, which has led to increased phytopathogenic damage to plants, even genetically resistant forms [9]. Therefore, it is believed that this enzyme may serve as a marker of induced resistance to plant diseases caused by phytopathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Enzyme Activity in the Symbiotic System Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum by Seed Inoculation Different in Activity and Virulation Strain and Treatment with Fungicides

Mamenko¹,

Kots²,

Mykhalkiv³

et al. 2021

Mikrobiol. Z.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway and provides precursors for the synthesis of many secondary metabolites, which are necessary for the development and protection of plants from external factors of various natures, in particular plays an important role in the formation and development of their symbiosis with microorganisms. Aim. To study the activity of PAL in soybean plants in the early stages of legume-rhizobial symbiosis under the influence of seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different symbiotic properties on the background of fungicide treatment. Methods. Microbiology (bacterial culture growing, seeds inoculation), physiological (pot experiment), biochemical (determining the PAL enzyme activity). Results. Inoculation of soybean seeds with active virulent rhizobia induces a significant decrease in PAL activity in the roots at the primordial leaf stage and a significant increase in its activity level at the first true leaf stage, compared to inactive symbiosis. At the stage of third true leaf, the activity of PAL increased more significantly in soybean root nodules formed by inactive rhizobia, compared to active symbiosis. However, at the stage of third true leaves, the activity of PAL in soybean root nodules formed by inactive rhizobia increased significantly compared to active symbiosis. The use of fungicides for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds induces changes in the level of PAL activity in roots and nodules, which do not affect the overall dynamics of enzyme activity in different effective symbiotic systems Glycine max - Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Conclusions. The activity of PAL in the roots and especially in the root nodules of soybeans in the early stage of plant development in the case of fungicides using and bacterization is primarily due to the action of the inoculation factor, and is determined by the symbiotic properties of rhizobia strains, in particular, their virulence and nitrogen fixation activity.

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Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis by Post-translational Protein Modifications

Cited by 30 publications

References 118 publications

Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant–environment interactions

Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant–environment interactions

Thermophilic microbial deconstruction and conversion of natural and transgenic lignocellulose

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Enzyme Activity in the Symbiotic System Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum by Seed Inoculation Different in Activity and Virulation Strain and Treatment with Fungicides

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