Regulation of Intestinal Glucose Absorption by Ion Channels and Transporters

Abstract

The absorption of glucose is electrogenic in the small intestinal epithelium. The major route for the transport of dietary glucose from intestinal lumen into enterocytes is the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), although glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) may also play a role. The membrane potential of small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is important to regulate the activity of SGLT1. The maintenance of membrane potential mainly depends on the activities of cation channels and transporters. While the importance of SGLT1 in glucose absorption has been systemically studied in detail, little is currently known about the regulation of SGLT1 activity by cation channels and transporters. A growing line of evidence suggests that cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) can regulate the absorption of glucose by adjusting GLUT2 and SGLT1. Moreover, the absorption of glucose and homeostasis of Ca2+ in IEC are regulated by cation channels and transporters, such as Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, and Na+/H+ exchangers. In this review, we consider the involvement of these cation channels and transporters in the regulation of glucose uptake in the small intestine. Modulation of them may be a potential strategy for the management of obesity and diabetes.

Assess the Efficacy of Standardized Green Coffee Bean Extract (Gcb-70) in Overweight Human Subjects

“…This results in the management of leptin levels inside body controlling food intake under satiety and thus, managing body weight. [16,17] These findings from the present study conclude that GCB-70 consumption is safe and effective in the management of obesity. GCB-70 has the potential to manage fat distribution and glucose concentration to control all the markers of obesity and overweight taken in the present study.…”

Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Nine Medicinal Herbs Used as Antidiabetic in the Region of Lubumbashi (DR Congo)

“…Globally, it would be important to further study the action of tested plants on cation channels, which could be responsible for (i) antihyperglycemic activity by inhibiting the SGLT or GLUT transporters (Chen et al ., ) and (ii) hypoglycemic properties by stimulating insulin secretion (Sharma et al ., ). Indeed, the literature reports for certain plants species mechanisms involving both insulin secretion and insulin sensibilization (Thomas et al ., ).…”

The Central Role of Glucose in Metabolism and Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients

“…Vstřebávání ze střeva probíhá spolu s pasivní difuzí i pomocí sekundárně aktivního transportu s ionty Na + díky přenašečům SGLT-1 a SGLT-2. Z enterocytu poté glukóza přechází do žilního řečiště vena portae pomocí specifického přenašeče GLUT-2 již bez závislosti na sodíkových kationtech (3). Tam tvoří přibližně 80 % všech monosacharidů vstupujících do jater, ve kterých je na glukózu přeměněna i většina fruktózy a galaktózy, ty pak představují pouhých 5 % monosacharidů kolujících v krvi (4).…”