Regulation of Insulin Clearance by Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

Najjar, Sonia M.; Abdolahipour, Raziyeh; Ghadieh, Hilda E.; Jahromi, Marziyeh Salehi; Najjar, John A.; Abuamreh, Basil A. M.; Zaidi, Sobia; Kumarasamy, Sivarajan; Muturi, Harrison T.

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081899

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Therefore, the oxidation and disposal of fatty acids result in a defect compared to their accumulation and neo-synthesis, leading to an accumulation of fats within the hepatocytes with important consequences, such as dysregulated ketogenesis [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition, fatty acids negatively affect the intracellular insulin signaling mechanism and cause hepatic insulin resistance through multiple pathways mediating the activation of protein kinase C (PKC-3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), I-kappaB (I-κB) kinase β, and NF-κB [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: The Liver: Function and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation

et al. 2023

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the most common causes of chronic liver disease and are increasingly emerging as a global health problem. Such disorders can lead to liver damage, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of infiltrating immune cells. These are some of the common features of ALD progression in ASH (alcoholic steatohepatitis) and NAFLD to NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Hepatic steatosis, followed by fibrosis, lead to a continuous progression accompanied by angiogenesis. This process creates hypoxia, which activates vascular factors, initiating pathological angiogenesis and further fibrosis. This forms a vicious cycle of ongoing damage and progression. This condition further exacerbates liver injury and may contribute to the development of comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic therapy may have beneficial effects on these hepatic disorders and their exacerbation. Therefore, there is a great interest to deepen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of natural anti-angiogenic products that could both prevent and control liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of major natural anti-angiogenic compounds against steatohepatitis and determine their potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of liver inflammation caused by an imbalanced diet.

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Section: The Liver: Function and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation

et al. 2023

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“…Our results suggest that eating low-GI foods and diets reduces these inflammatory biomarkers, which may contribute to a lower risk of CVD and other complications of diabetes. The synthesis of TNF-α by adipocytes induces lipolysis and the release of non-esterified free fatty acids into circulation, which triggers insulin resistance [50,51]. In the study by Gomes et al [39], the high-GI diet led to an increase in serum levels of TNF-α and non-esterified free fatty acids, while the low-GI diet did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Effects of Low Glycemic Index and Low Glycemic Load Interventions on Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review of RCTs

Peres,

Costa,

Silva

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Diets with a low glycemic index (GI) and a low glycemic load (GL) can improve glycemic control, blood lipids, blood pressure and BMI in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but evidence regarding other aspects of cardiometabolic health is limited. We searched the literature for RCTs published from 2013 to 2023 and reviewed the evidence on low-GI/GL diets and their effects on different aspects of health in prediabetes and T2DM, aiming to build a report on all relevant outcomes included in the studies. We included 14 RCTs with 1055 participants, who were mostly middle-aged individuals with T2DM. Interventions were mostly low GI and lasted 1–36 months. Low-GI/GL foods and diets showed benefits in terms of short-term glycemic control, weight and adiposity. Longer-term trials would be necessary to determine whether these benefits persist over time and/or lead to lower CVD risk and mortality. Effects on lipid profile were inconsistent. Some studies also reported positive effects of low-GI/GL interventions on blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, renal function and gut microbiota composition. Future trials should focus on some of these novel outcome measures, which may provide important insights into the metabolic effects of low-GI diets on individuals with diabetes.

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“…Obesity due to continuous dietary intake in excess of energy expenditure is associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in WAT [34] and causes excessive release of free fatty acids [35,36]. In the circumstance of adipose tissues, macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages [3], which release pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and NF-κB [9].…”

Section: Obesity-induced Release Of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Mi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Development of Insulin Resistance and Promotion of Amyloid-β Accumulation: Dietary Therapy Using Weak Organic Acids via Improvement of Lowered Interstitial Fluid pH

Marunaka

2023

Biomolecules

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Insulin resistance is one of the etiologies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has been suggested to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease by promoting amyloid-β accumulation. Various causes of insulin resistance have been suggested; however, mechanisms of insulin resistance development remain to be elucidated in many respects. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance is one of the key factors in developing methods to prevent the onset of T2DM and Alzheimer’s disease. It has been suggested that the body pH environment plays an important role in the control of cellular functions by regulating the action of hormones including insulin and the activity of enzymes and neurons, thereby maintaining homeostatic conditions of the body. This review introduces: (1) Mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress caused by obesity-induced inflammation. (2) Decreased pH of interstitial fluid due to mitochondrial dysfunction. (3) Development of insulin resistance due to diminution of insulin affinity to its receptor caused by the lowered interstitial fluid pH. (4) Accelerated accumulation of amyloid-β due to elevated activities of β- and γ-secretases caused by the lowered interstitial fluid pH. (5) Diet therapies for improving insulin resistance with weak organic acids that act as bases in the body to raise the pH of lowered interstitial fluid and food factors that promote absorption of weak organic acids in the gut.

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Regulation of Insulin Clearance by Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

Cited by 9 publications

References 108 publications

Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation

Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation

The Health Effects of Low Glycemic Index and Low Glycemic Load Interventions on Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review of RCTs

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Development of Insulin Resistance and Promotion of Amyloid-β Accumulation: Dietary Therapy Using Weak Organic Acids via Improvement of Lowered Interstitial Fluid pH

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