Regulation of Immune Function by Polyphenols

Abstract

Immune dysfunction is caused by various factors, including changes in relevant immune regulators and environmental stress. Immune system imbalance leads to a variety of diseases in humans. Nutrition may play an essential role in immunity by interfering with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, immune cell regulation, and gene expression. Polyphenols, one of many categories of natural substances, exhibit a range of biological activities. Polyphenols promote immunity to foreign pathogens via various pathways. Different immune cells express multiple types of polyphenol receptors that recognise and allow cellular uptake of polyphenols, which subsequently activate signalling pathways to initiate immune responses. Furthermore, the polyphenols curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate can induce epigenetic changes in cells. In summary, polyphenols can be used to regulate intestinal mucosal immune responses, allergic diseases, and antitumour immunity.

Quercetin reduces atherosclerotic lesions by altering the gut microbiota and reducing atherogenic lipid metabolites

“…Increasing interest has been directed towards the search for natural substances that may assist with CVD treatment. Health-promoting adjustments in lifestyle and dietary habits, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, physical exercise and a personalized diet, represent the most cost-effective forms of CVD management (Tangney and Rasmussen 2013;Chen et al 2017;Ding et al 2018). Notably, several investigations have also identified the dietary intake of polyphenols as a potential option for CVD management (Tangney and Rasmussen 2013;Ding et al 2018).…”

“…Health-promoting adjustments in lifestyle and dietary habits, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, physical exercise and a personalized diet, represent the most cost-effective forms of CVD management (Tangney and Rasmussen 2013;Chen et al 2017;Ding et al 2018). Notably, several investigations have also identified the dietary intake of polyphenols as a potential option for CVD management (Tangney and Rasmussen 2013;Ding et al 2018). Epidemiological studies have also correlated a decreased risk of CVD onset with an increased intake of dietary quercetin, a natural flavonoid compound found in vegetables and fruits (Peterson et al 2012;Hong and Piao 2018;Lin et al 2019).…”

High-polyphenol extracts fromSorghum bicolorattenuate replication ofLegionella pneumophilawithin RAW 264.7 macrophages

“…Plant polyphenols have been demonstrated to modulate mammalian immunity (reviewed in [35]). Namely, polyphenols have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and our work demonstrates that sorghum HPE similarly limits production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF during L. pneumophila infection.…”

The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease

“…The potential health benefits of polyphenols and their possible ability to help prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases have made them a subject of intensive research. Polyphenols have demonstrated health-enhancing effects in anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, vasodilatory, and analgesic processes (10). Mechanistically, the in situ intestinal processing of polyphenols by microbes in the human intestine yields potentially bioactive low-molecular-weight metabolites, which are the putative health-enhancing species (11).…”