Regulation of cell cycle stage-specific transcription of histone genes from chromatin by non-histone chromosomal proteins

Stein, Gary S.; Park, William; Thrall, C. L.; Mans, Rusty J.

doi:10.1038/257764a0

Cited by 149 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Duck erythrocyte chromatin, for example, contains significant amounts of endogenous globin messenger RNA sequences which make it extremely difficult to use complementary-DNA probes for globin transcript studies in vitro (Butterworth and Bishop, personnal communication). Although other methods may occasionally be used to circumvent this problem, such as the study of rapidly turning-over histone messenger RNA which does not apparently linger in the chromatin [18], the use of Hg-UTP should be far more widely applicable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Mercurated Nucleoside Triphosphate as a Probe in Transcription Studies in vitro

Beebee¹,

Butterworth²

1976

European Journal of Biochemistry

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1. Purified form A RNA polymerase and the endogenous, nuclear form A RNA polymerase are shown to incorporate 5-mercuri-uridine 5'-triphosphate (Hg-UTP) into RNA in vitro. The K , for both Hg-UTP and UTP are in the region of 10 pM for the purified enzyme.2. The RNA products formed in nucleoli by endogenous RNA polymerase A have similar base compositions (G + C-rich) whether UTP or Hg-UTP is provided as the substrate in vitro.3. Sulphydryl-Sepharose chromatography of RNA synthesised in vitro by nucleoli allows separation of this material from the endogenous RNA, when the former is synthesised in the presence of 4. In-vitro-synthesised nucleolar RNA hybridises with cot profiles similar to 28-S ribosomal RNA, when made with either Hg-UTP or UTP.5. Hybridisation studies using DNA excess suggest that little competition occurs between the in vitro transcripts and the endogenous nucleolar RNA.6. Size analysis of in vitro transcripts show that although some degradation occurs during isolation, purification and hybridisation of the RNA species, most of the RNA remains larger than 5 S throughout.Hg-UTP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Mercurated Nucleoside Triphosphate as a Probe in Transcription Studies in vitro

Beebee¹,

Butterworth²

1976

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…In animals cells, chromosomal nonhistone proteins seem to have regulatory functions in transcribing specific genes (2,20), and also in plants, some factors affecting activities of RNA polymerases are found in chromosomal nonhistone proteins (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Yoshida¹,

Sasaki²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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Relationships between changes in template activity and composition of chromatin during germination of wheat embyros (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated. The template activity of chromatin was determined with exogenous DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.6) prepared from wheat embryos. It was essentially constant for 18 hours of germination, corresponding to 2.5% of that of a native calf thymus DNA. Thereafter, the activity increased 2-fold and 5-fold at 24 and 60 hours of germination, respectively.Chromatin Investigation of the incorporation of precursors for RNA into acid-insoluble materials in wheat embryos showed that syntheses of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA were activated and increased as a function of germination periods (6,7,18). Particularly, an experiment using :'2Pi as a precursor indicated that RNA synthesis in wheat embryos up to 24 hr of germination was very low, compared with that between 24 and 48 hr (6).The situation with regard to mechanisms controlling the changes in RNA synthesis during germination was hardly studied. In animals cells, chromosomal nonhistone proteins seem to have regulatory functions in transcribing specific genes (2,20), and also in plants, some factors affecting activities of RNA polymerases are found in chromosomal nonhistone proteins (21).We studied, first, changes in chromosomal nonhistone proteins and histones by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and secondly, template activities of isolated chromatin with exogenous wheat RNA polymerase II, during germination stages of wheat. The results show that the increase of template activity in parallel with the decrease of two chromosomal nonhistone proteins occurs during germination.MATERIALS AND METHODS Germination of Seeds. Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L., var. Mukakomugi, 1974Mukakomugi, -1975 were germinated in the dark at 24 C. The seeds were sterilized with 0.1 % (w/v) Uspulun for 30 min, washed in running tap water for 30 min, and transferred to Petri dishes. After desired periods, embryos were separated by hand from endosperms. for 20 min. The sediment was dissolved in 10 ml of 50 mm (NH4)92SO in TGME, and the suspension was centrifuged at 170,000g for 60 min. The supernatant was desalted with a Sephadex G-25 column (1.9 x 45 cm) equilibrated with 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in TGME and applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column (1.9 x 40 cm). After the column was washed with 50 mM (NH4)2S04, 0.1% Triton X-100 in TGME, RNA polymerase II was eluted with a 300-ml linear (NH4)2S04 gradient (50-400 mM).

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“…Although interpretation of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms was dependent upon results from metabolic labeling and inhibitor studies, we made a series of observations that directed our focus to the G 1 /S phase cell cycle transition. [1][2][3][4] With the demonstration by Hewson Swift and Ted Borun that histone protein synthesis is restricted to the S phase of the cell cycle, we developed control of histone gene expression as a paradigm for defining transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that are operative at the onset of S phase. During the past forty years we have made a series of contributions to understanding cell cycle and growth control that have impacted on fundamental regulatory mechanisms that support proliferation and directly relate to aberrant gene expression in cancer.…”

Section: Characterization Of Transcriptional Regulation That Mediatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We demonstrated that transcription factors modulate control of gene expression in a cell cycle dependent manner. 2 Subsequently, we cloned the first human cell cycle regulatory genes and used them to probe for proliferation-dependent Gary S. Stein, ph.d.…”

Section: Characterization Of Transcriptional Regulation That Mediatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression in nuclear microenvironments for biological control and cancer

Stein¹

2007

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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Regulation of cell cycle stage-specific transcription of histone genes from chromatin by non-histone chromosomal proteins

Cited by 149 publications

References 48 publications

The Use of Mercurated Nucleoside Triphosphate as a Probe in Transcription Studies in vitro

The Use of Mercurated Nucleoside Triphosphate as a Probe in Transcription Studies in vitro

Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Gene expression in nuclear microenvironments for biological control and cancer

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