Regulation of cardiac function during a cold pressor test in athletes and untrained subjects

Ifuku, Hirotoshi; Moriyama, Kayo; Arai, Kuniko; Shiraishi-Hichiwa, Yumiko

doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0475-y

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although one had been involved in previous studies Ifuku et al 2007), his data were recollected in the present study. The experimental procedures were approved by our institutional committee for the protection of humans in research, and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to participation.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Increased cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test is not associated with increased reactivity to isometric handgrip exercise

Moriyama

Ifuku

2009

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Individuals who respond with a rise of 15 mmHg or more in their systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure to a cold pressor test are called blood pressure hyperreactors. We examined whether hyperreactors (n = 8) showed greater reactivity of arterial stiffness, i.e., pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75), to the cold pressor test than normal reactors (n = 15), and whether the former showed larger cardiovascular responses to isometric handgrip exercise. The cold pressor test was performed following Hines-Brown's method, with subjects immersing their right hand in 4 degrees C water for 2 min. Isometric handgrip exercise was performed at 30% maximal voluntary contraction for 2 min. Comparison between hyperreactors and normal reactors by two-way ANOVA during cold pressor test revealed a group x time interaction for PWV and AIx@75 with a greater increase in hyperreactors. During isometric handgrip exercise, no group x time interactions were detected for all measurements. Blood pressure hyperreactors show larger cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test, but not to isometric handgrip exercise in comparison to normal blood pressure reactors.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Increased cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test is not associated with increased reactivity to isometric handgrip exercise

Moriyama

Ifuku

2009

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Remembering that the CPT was merely a tool to evoke sympatho-excitation and forearm vasoconstriction, it was important to ensure that this tool did indeed evoke what it was intended to evoke. A lack of participant screening prior to investigation when utilizing the CPT could easily lead to confounded conclusions due to the non-homogeneous response to the CPT within a population (Ifuku et al, 2007; Moriyama and Ifuku, 2007, 2010). Furthermore, we accounted for normal changes in post-exercise blood flow by validation of a curve fit prediction technique that provided good estimates of what the normal FVC would have been during the CPT test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of functional sympatholysis post-exercise in human skeletal muscle

Moynes¹,

Bentley²,

Bravo³

et al. 2013

Front. Physiol.

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Blunting of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising muscle is well-established. Whether it persists during the early post-exercise period is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that it persists in human skeletal muscle during the first 10 min of recovery from exercise. Eight healthy young males (21.4 ± 0.8 yrs, SE) performed 7 min of forearm rhythmic isometric handgrip exercise at 15% below forearm critical force (fCF). In separate trials, a cold pressor test (CPT) of 2 min duration was used to evoke forearm sympathetic vasoconstriction in each of Rest (R), Steady State Exercise (Ex), 2–4 min Post-Exercise (PEearly), and 8–10 min Post-Exercise (PElate). A 7 min control exercise trial with no CPT was also performed. Exercising forearm brachial artery blood flow, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), forearm deep venous catecholamine concentration, and arterialized venous catecholamine concentration were obtained immediately prior to and following the CPT in each trial. CPT resulted in a significant increase in forearm venous plasma norepinephrine concentration in all trials (P = 0.007), but no change in arterialized plasma norepinephrine (P = 0.32). CPT did not change forearm venous plasma epinephrine (P = 0.596) or arterialized plasma epinephrine concentration (P = 0.15). As assessed by the %reduction in forearm vascular conductance (FVC) the CPT evoked a robust vasoconstriction at rest that was severely blunted in exercise (R = −39.9 ± 4.6% vs. Ex = 5.5 ± 7.4%, P < 0.001). This blunting of vasoconstriction persisted at PEearly (-12.3 ± 10.1%, P = 0.02) and PElate (-18.1 ± 8.2%, P = 0.03) post-exercise. In conclusion, functional sympatholysis remains evident in human skeletal muscle as much as 10 min after the end of a bout of forearm exercise. Persistence of functional sympatholysis may have important implications for blood pressure regulation in the face of a challenge to blood pressure following exercise.

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“…The time difference (delta t) between this point and the x point (the incisura at the end of systole) was computed and the end of the early systole was defined as early systole onset + (delta t / 2). The ratio ([dP/dt]/P) has elsewhere been proposed as a measure of positive inotropy [62][63][64]. This ratio measure was significantly reduced during the active Rebreathing periods, and increased during the Post-Rebreathing periods (significantly so during Segment 5).…”

Section: Ldv Signal Processing and Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Decoding carotid pressure waveforms recorded by laser Doppler vibrometry: Effects of rebreathing

Casaccia

Sirevaag

Richter

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The principal goal of this study was to assess the capability of the laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) method for assessing cardiovascular activity. A rebreathing task was used to provoke changes within individuals in cardiac and vascular performance. The rebreathing task is known to produce multiple effects, associated with changes in autonomic drive as well as alterations in blood gases. The rise in CO 2 (hypercapnia), in particular, produces changes in the cerebral and systemic circulation. The results from a rebreathing task (involving rebreathing the same air in a rubber bag) are presented for 35 individuals. The LDV pulse was measured from a site overlying the carotid artery. For comparison and validation purposes, several conventional measures of cardiovascular function were also obtained, with an emphasis on the electrocardiogram (ECG), continuous blood pressure (BP) from the radial artery, and measures of myocardial performance using impedance cardiography (ICG). During periods of active rebreathing, ventilation increased. The conventional cardiovascular effects included increased mean arterial BP and systemic vascular resistance, and decreased cardiac stroke volume (SV) and pulse transit time (PTT). These effects were consistent with a pattern of -adrenergic stimulation. During the immediate post-rebreathing segments, in contrast, mean BP was largely unaffected but pulse BP increased, as did PTT and SV, whereas systemic vascular resistance decreased-a pattern consistent with -adrenergic effects in combination with the direct effects of hypercapnia on the vascular system. Measures of cardiovascular activity derived from the LDV pulse velocity and displacement waveforms revealed patterns of changes that mirrored the results obtained using conventional measures. In particular, the ratio of the maximum early peak in the LDV velocity pulse to the maximum amplitude of the LDV displacement pulse (in an early systolic interval) closely mirrored the conventional SV effects. Additionally, changes in an augmentation ratio (computed as the maximum amplitude of the LDV displacement pulse during systole / amplitude at the end of the incident wave) were very similar to changes in systemic vascular resistance. Heart rates measured from the ECG and LDV were nearly identical. These preliminary results suggest that measures derived using the non-contact LDV technique can provide surrogate measures for those obtained using impedance cardiography.

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Regulation of cardiac function during a cold pressor test in athletes and untrained subjects

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Increased cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test is not associated with increased reactivity to isometric handgrip exercise

Increased cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test is not associated with increased reactivity to isometric handgrip exercise

Persistence of functional sympatholysis post-exercise in human skeletal muscle

Decoding carotid pressure waveforms recorded by laser Doppler vibrometry: Effects of rebreathing

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