Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Support of Lactation

McNamara, J. P.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78217-9

Cited by 126 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although dry matter intake increases gradually at the beginning of lactation, the rapid increase in milk production after calving causes negative energy balance (NEB) [2]. Lipolysis is sustained during early lactation as long as energy intake cannot compensate for the increased energy demand of lactation [2,3]. Aside from being utilized by the mammary gland, parts of the circulatory NEFA are taken by the liver, where they can be metabolized through one to three major pathways: (1) direct production of energy via oxidation of NEFA in mitochondria or peroxisomes, (2) production of ketone bodies through oxidation, or (3) reesterification into triacylglycerol (TAG), which can then either be sequestered in internal stores or be released into the circulation as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil

Kirovski

Blond²,

Katić³

et al. 2015

Chem Biol Techn Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: An addition of rumen-protected fat to the diet of cows may limit negative energy balance and/or shorten its duration, leading to increased milk production with reduced risk of metabolic disorders in dairy cows. The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplement of palm oil on milk production, milk composition, rumen characteristics, and metabolic variables of early lactating dairy cows. For this purpose, 24 Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without palm oil supplementation (control) or with 300 g palm oil (Palm Fat 99, Noack & Co. GmbH, Vienna, Austria) per cow for 8 weeks starting from day 30 after parturition. Milk, rumen, and blood samples were taken three times during experiment at days 30, 58, and 86 of lactation. Body condition scores of cows were determined in the same time periods. Milk yields were measured at the morning and evening milking (6 00 and 18 00 ). Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat and milk protein content. Rumen content was tested for electrochemical reaction. A native slide was prepared for microscopical examination of the rumen protozoa motility that was numerically estimated. Protozoa were counted in whole rumen contents by light microscopy. Blood samples were tested for total protein, albumin, urea, tryglicerides, cholesterol, total bilirubin, beta-hydroxybutyrate, Ca, and P. Results: Compared with the control, palm oil supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield and milk fat content. The loss in body condition was significantly lower in the group fed palm oil than in the control group. Rumen pH, total number, and motility of protozoa in the group fed palm oil were significantly higher than those in the control group. Palm oil supplementation did not influence blood metabolite concentrations except for urea and glucose which were significantly lower and Ca and cholesterol which were significantly higher in the palm oil-supplemented group. Conclusions: Our results indicate that supplementation with palm oil in weeks 4 to 12 postpartum spared postpartum body weight loss, increased milk yield and milk fat content, and had positive effects on rumen characteristics.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil

Kirovski

Blond²,

Katić³

et al. 2015

Chem Biol Techn Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cows in early lactation partition nutrients towards the mammary gland and mobilize available body reserves (Bauman and Currie, 1980;McNamara, 1991). As lactation progresses, and in conjunction with pregnancy, cows increasingly partition energy away from Friggens, Brun-Lafleur, Faverdin, Sauvant and Martin milk towards body reserves (Koenen et al, 2001;Yan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in predicting nutrient partitioning in the dairy cow: recognizing the central role of genotype and its expression through time

Friggens

Brun-Lafleur

Faverdin

et al. 2013

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that understanding nutrient partitioning is central to a much broader range of issues than just being able to predict productive outputs. The extent to which nutrients are partitioned to other functions such as health and reproduction is clearly important, as are the efficiency consequences of nutrient partitioning. Further, with increasing environmental variability, there is a greater need to be able to predict the ability of an animal to respond to the nutritional limitations that arise from the environment in which it is placed. How the animal partitions its nutrients when resources are limited, or imbalanced, is a major component of its ability to cope, that is, its robustness. There is mounting evidence that reliance on body reserves is increased and that robustness of dairy cows is reduced by selection for increased milk production. A key element for predicting the partition of nutrients in this wider context is to incorporate the priorities of the animal, that is, an explicit recognition of the role of both the cow's genotype (genetic make-up), and the expression of this genotype through time on nutrient partitioning. Accordingly, there has been a growing recognition of the need to incorporate in nutritional models these innate driving forces that alter nutrient partitioning according to physiological state, the genetically driven trajectories. This paper summarizes some of the work carried out to extend nutritional models to incorporate these trajectories, the genetic effects on them, as well as how these factors affect the homeostatic capacity of the animal. At present, there are models capable of predicting the partition of nutrients throughout lactation for cows of differing milk production potentials. Information concerning genotype and stage of lactation effects on homeostatic capacity has not yet been explicitly included in metabolic models that predict nutrient partition, although recent results suggest that this is achievable. These developments have greatly extended the generality of nutrient partitioning models with respect to the type of animal and its physiological state. However, these models remain very largely focussed on predicting partition between productive outputs and body reserves and, for the most part, remain research models, although substantial progress has been made towards developing models that can be applied in the field. The challenge of linking prediction of nutrient partitioning to its consequences on health, reproduction and longevity, although widely recognized, is only now beginning to be addressed. This is an important perspective for future work on nutrient partitioning.

show abstract

“…Decreased appetite post partum can be induced by over-feeding cows ante partum (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). This notion is derived from the observation that cows that are in overcondition at calving are les's able to keep feed intake post partum in balance with the increase in milk production at that time (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on hepatic lipidosis and coinciding health and fertility problems of high‐producing dairy cows using the “Utrecht fatty liver model of dairy cows”. A review

Geelen

Wensing

2006

Veterinary Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Support of Lactation

Cited by 126 publications

References 69 publications

Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil

Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil

Advances in predicting nutrient partitioning in the dairy cow: recognizing the central role of genotype and its expression through time

Studies on hepatic lipidosis and coinciding health and fertility problems of high‐producing dairy cows using the “Utrecht fatty liver model of dairy cows”. A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About