Regulation and Science

Schmandt, Jürgen

doi:10.1177/016224398400900105

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Additionally, the industries attempted to erode the EPA's authority and legitimacy by claiming-frequently falsely-that the agency was scientifically incompetent (Greenwood 1984;Wagner 2003). The businesses frequently provided so much contestation over the proposed standards that the EPA had difficulty in creating regulations that could withstand efforts to destabilize them (Brickman 1984;Schmandt 1984;Greenwood 1984;Jasanoff 1990Jasanoff , 1992. In response, the EPA established agreements about what counts as sufficient scientific evidence in order to create regulations that could withstand efforts to destabilize them.…”

Section: The Sts Literature On Pollution Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars of STS gave a wave of attention to the creation of safety-based pollution control standards as they were being created. Much of that work focused on the contestation over what is a safe amount of individual pollutants and how disputes over the sufficiency of the scientific evidence were resolved (Brickman 1984;Greenwood 1984;Rushefsky 1984;Schmandt 1984;Jasanoff 1990Jasanoff , 1992. As the agency developed regulations, the industries to be regulated frequently attempted to intervene in them.…”

Section: The Sts Literature On Pollution Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unheeded Science

Hoffman

2013

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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In the early 1970s, the idea of precaution-of heeding rather than ignoring scientific evidence of harm when there is uncertainty, and taking action that errs on the side of safety-was so appealing that the US Congress used it as the basis of the toxics provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1972, the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) based its proposals for implementing those provisions on it, and the courts frequently tended toward it when resolving conflicts over the implementation of pollution control law. In other words, precaution was written into toxic water pollutant control law and was beginning to be written into policy and regulations. By 1976, the tables were completely turned. The EPA abandoned the safety-providing approach in the implementation of the law, even though the law required it, and adopted a risk-taking approach in the creation of standards for the vast majority of toxic water pollutants. The article examines how this change was brought about. It builds on recent work on undone science as an obstacle to regulation and contributes to the development of an account of the creation of the regulatory system, with both its achievements and its limitations.

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Section: The Sts Literature On Pollution Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Sts Literature On Pollution Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unheeded Science

Hoffman

2013

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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“…Standards provide public guarantees against undesirable practices and occupy a crucial position in the regulatory governance of modern economies (Thévenot, 2009). From their limited original mandate to regulate economic (financial) activities and labour practices, there has been an enormous expansion in the scope and coverage of standards to include science-based regulatory practices (Majone, 1984; Schmandt, 1984; Collins and Evans, 2002; Leach et al, 2007; Majone, 2010). The making of science-based standards has been shaped by the evolving nature of science–society interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public understanding of participation in regulatory decision-making: The case of bottled water quality standards in India

Bhaduri

Sharma

2012

Public Underst Sci

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"Science-based" standards are an integral part of modern regulatory systems. Studies on "public understanding of science" mostly focus on high technology areas in advanced economies. In contrast, the present study analyses the public understanding of regulation in the context of standard-setting for bottled water quality in India. Using primary data, the econometric models of this paper show that public understanding of participation in regulation depends on awareness of, and trust in, existing regulatory practices in a complex, non-linear manner. In this light, the paper argues that "deficit model" and "dialogue model" frameworks cannot be seen as two mutually exclusive frameworks of analyses.

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“…SCIENCE-based standards, standardization and regulationmaking is at least a century-old phenomenon 1 . Even in India, over the last six/seven decades, standards of different kinds have been formulated by different types of institutions 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Science-Based Mandatory Standards and the Implementation Gap:The Case of Bottled Water Regulations in India

Sharma¹

2018

Current Science

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Science-based standards and regulation-making is not a new phenomenon in India. In fact, Indian regulatory institutions have been developing standards and evolving in multiple areas over many decades. However, even mandatory standards are not easily enforceable in several cases, and often an 'implementation gap' has been reported. The present article explores this critical aspect of regulation-making exercise in India by considering the case of bottled water. The article analyses the regulatory governance of bottled water quality standards promulgated by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The findings could be useful for Indian industry, regulators, science administrators and the government.

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Regulation and Science

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Unheeded Science

Unheeded Science

Public understanding of participation in regulatory decision-making: The case of bottled water quality standards in India

Science-Based Mandatory Standards and the Implementation Gap:The Case of Bottled Water Regulations in India

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