Regulating the Bi NIR luminescence behaviours in fluorine and nitrogen co-doped germanate glasses

Abstract

Bi-doped nitridated germanate glass covering the whole NIR from 800~1600 nm has attracted great attention due to the potential application in tunable fiber laser and optical amplifier. However, it remains...

Ultra‐broadband and thermally stable NIR emission in Bi‐doped glasses and fibers enabled by a metal reduction strategy

“…The lifetime of 1148 nm shows a rapid decrease, but the lifetimes from 922 and 1480 nm first present a gradual increase and then decrease, which shares a similar variation with NIR emission intensity. This manifests the energy transfer from Bi + to two new Bi active centers 36 . There were no emission bands at 922 and 1480 nm for the 0Al sample, so the corresponding data was not measured.…”

Optical band gaps and spectroscopy properties of Bim+/Eun+/Yb3+ co-doped (m = 0, 2, 3; and n = 2, 3) zinc calcium silicate glasses

“…It can be observed that the NIR emission spectra of Bi m + /Eu n + /Yb 3+ co-doped ( m = 0, 2, 3 and n = 2, 3) consist of two emission peaks at ∼986 and 1062 nm, which the NIR emission of Bi m + /Eu n + /Yb 3+ co-doped peak at ∼986 nm due to 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 transition of Yb 3+ ions, 48 while the NIR emission peak at ∼1062 nm can be attributed to 2 D 3/2 → 4 S 3/2 transition of Bi 0 ions. 48–50 In the NIR range of ∼960–1040 nm, NIR emission spectra of Bi m + /Eu n + /Yb 3+ co-doped produced a bandwidth of ∼40 nm. However, according to many previous reports, it has been attributed the NIR emission at ∼1062 nm to Bi 0 ions because Bi-dopant exists at three states including Bi 3+ , Bi + , and Bi 0 ions that can emit in NIR range from ∼950 to 1500 nm,.…”

“…10. CET I ( I from 1 to 5) and ET J ( J from 1 to 4) processes were described as follows: 50–52 CET 1 : ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 5/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 5 D 2 (Eu 3+ ) → ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 7/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ).CET 2 : 2 P 1/2 (Bi 3+ ) + 2 F 7/2 (2Yb 3+ ) → 1 S 0 (Bi 3+ ) + 2 F 5/2 (2Yb 3+ ).CET 3 : 1 S 0 (Bi 0 ) + 2 F 7/2 (2Yb 3+ ) → 4 S 3/2 (Bi 0 ) + 2 F 5/2 (2Yb 3+ ).CET 4 : 5 D 2 (Eu 3+ ) + 2 F 7/2 (2Yb 3+ ) → 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ) + 2 F 5/2 (2Yb 3+ . )CET 5 : 4f 6 5d(Eu 2+ ) + 2 F 7/2 (2Yb 3+ ) → 4f 7 (Eu 2+ ) + 2 F 5/2 (2Yb 3+ ).ET1: 4f 6 5d(Eu 2+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ) → 5 D 2 (Eu 3+ ) + 4f 7 (Eu 2+ ).ET2: 3 P 1 (Bi 3+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ) → 5 D 0 (Eu 3+ ) + 1 S 0 (Bi 3+ ).ET3: 2 P 1/2 (1)(Bi 2+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ) → 5 D 0 (Eu 3+ ) + 2 P 1/2 (Bi 2+ ).ET4: 2 D 3/2 (Bi 0 ) + 2 F 7/2 (Yb 3+ ) → 2 F 5/2 (Yb 3+ ) + 4 S 3/2 (Bi 0 ).…”

“…10 . CET I ( I from 1 to 5) and ET J ( J from 1 to 4) processes were described as follows: 50–52 CET 1 : ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 5/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 5 D 2 (Eu 3+ ) → ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 7/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ). CET 2 : 2 P 1/2 (Bi 3+ ) + 2 F 7/2 (2Yb 3+ ) → 1 S 0 (Bi 3+ ) + 2 F 5/2 (2Yb 3+ ).…”

“…10. CET I (I from 1 to 5) and ET J (J from 1 to 4) processes were described as follows: [50][51][52] CET 1 : ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 5/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 5 D 2 (Eu 3+ ) / ( 2 F 7/2 + 2 F 7/2 )(Yb 3+ ) + 7 F 0 (Eu 3+ ).…”