Regrowth of Microcosm Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces After Various Antimicrobial Treatments

Abstract

Objectives: Our aim of this work was to investigate the regrowth of implant-related biofilms after various antimicrobial treatments in vitro.Methods: Saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were grown on titanium discs in an active attachment model. Treatments including hydrogen peroxide (HP), citric acid (CA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and distilled water (control), at different concentrations, were applied to 2-day biofilms for 1 or 5 min. The viability, lactic acid production, and composition of the biofilms were followed for 3 days. The biofilm composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Results: The short treatments of CA, CHX, and HP resulted in a 2–3 log reduction in biofilm viability and lactic acid production immediately. However, both parameters returned to the pre-treatment level within 2 days due to biofilm regrowth. The alpha diversity of the regrown biofilms in antimicrobial-treated groups tended to decrease, whereas the diversity of those in water-treated group increased. The composition of the regrown biofilms altered compared to those before treatments. Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the regrown biofilms.Conclusions: Although the antimicrobial treatments were efficient, the multi-species biofilms were indeed able to regrow within 2 days. The regrown biofilms display an altered microbial diversity and composition, which in the oral cavity may lead to an aggressive infection.

Effects of different decontaminating solutions used for the treatment of peri-implantitis on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis-an in vitro study

“…The application time of different decontamination solutions corresponds to different time periods or effects of accumulated use under clinical circumstances: for CHX, the dose corresponds to 4 months of regular use, for citric acid, it corresponds to 12 clinical uses, while for PVP-iodine treatment, the dose was equivalent for 20 clinical uses. This was calculated based on available literature data and the manufacturer's instructions [26][27][28]. All treated and control discs were steam-sterilized at 160 C for 45 min and stored in closed packaging until use.…”

Titanium Nanobowl-Based Nest-Like Nanofiber Structure Prepared at Room Temperature and Pressure Promotes Osseointegration of Beagle Implants

“…There are various methods for surface modification of titanium, such as grit blasting ( Qingge Wang et al, 2020 ), acid etching ( Han et al, 2019 ; Nobre et al, 2020 ), electrochemical anodic oxidation ( Cho et al, 2015 ), hydrothermal method ( Vishnu et al, 2019 ), sol-gel ( Xue et al, 2020 ), and plasma spraying ( Ding et al, 2016 ), which can lead to different micro- and nanostructures on the surface of the titanium. Two or more methods can also be combined to make special structures on the surface of the titanium.…”

Regulatory Effect of Irresistin-16 on Competitive Dual-Species Biofilms Composed of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

“…Therefore, the stronger inhibitory effect of IRS-16 on S. mutans resulted in a reduction in lactic acid production in biofilms containing S. mutans. In addition, lactic acid generation may indicate biofilm metabolic activity to some extent [30,31]. The similar trends between these two parameters, along with their well-established biocompatibility, further support the biomedical application potential of IRS-16 to inhibit the metabolic activity of cariogenic biofilms.…”