Effects of different decontaminating solutions used for the treatment of peri-implantitis on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis-an in vitro study

Abstract

Implants have been considered the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth, unfortunately, peri-implant disease is still an unresolved issue. Contaminated implants may be decontaminated by physical debridement and chemical disinfectants; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal techniques/agents to be used for the decontamination. The objective of our study was to compare the decontaminating efficacy of different chemical agents on a titanium surface contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical representative of the bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis. Commercially pure Ti grade 4 discs with a polished surface were treated with a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine digluconate (0.1%), povidone-iodine (PVP-iodine) solution (10%) or citric acid monohydrate (40%). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of cellular growth and survival were assessed by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in the quantity of P. gingivalis could be observed after 6 days of incubation. A numerical, but not statistically significant (P = 0.066) decrease in the amount of living bacteria was observed in the group treated with the PVP-iodine solution as compared to the control group. The chlorhexidine (CHX)-treated group presented with significantly higher cell counts, as compared to the PVP-iodine-treated group (P = 0.032), while this was not observed compared to the control group and citric acid-treated group. Our results have also been verified by SEM measurements. Our results suggest that for P. gingivalis contamination on a titanium surface in vitro, PVP-iodine is a superior decontaminant, compared to citric acid and chlorhexidine-digulconate solution.

Antimicrobial efficiency and cytocompatibility of different decontamination methods on titanium and zirconium surfaces

“…This points to the meaning of chemical agents as adjunctive to mechanical decontamination rather than sole therapy. For CHX, which provided least efficiency in our study, a weak antimicrobial effect on single‐ and multispecies biofilms has already been shown in other studies (Kotsakis et al, 2016; Widodo et al, 2016), while for PVI and doxycycline, only limited data about antibacterial effects are available (Barrak et al, 2020; Bernardi et al, 2019).…”

It’s Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Biofilm formation is a critical attribute of P. aeruginosa in being a successful nosocomial pathogen and it is also an important hallmark of chronic bacterial persistence. This may be observed in dental caries on the tooth surfaces [85,86], in skin and soft tissue infections [52], in infections of the middle ear [87], catheter-associated infections [19], pneumonia, and in the lungs of CF patients [88]. In the latter case, P. aeruginosa is able to survive and avoid clearance (withstanding the immune response and the subsequent administration of antimicrobials) in the respiratory and conductive zone of the lungs [89,90].…”

No Correlation between Biofilm-Forming Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Staphylococcus spp.: In Vitro Results

“…On the other hand, rifampicin resistance was seen as a reliable predictor of strong biofilmforming capacity. This study aimed to provide further insights and clarity in this field with a large volume of environmental isolates; however, further studies should correspond to bacterial isolates from different geographical/environmental origins, consider isolates of different genetic backgrounds and involve more advanced technologies (e.g., flow chambers, electron microscopy, isothermal microcalorimetry and animal experiments) [88][89][90][91].…”