Registration of AU Oasis Phalaris<sup>1</sup> (Reg. No. 84)

Pedersen, J. F.; Hoveland, C. S.; Haaland, R. L.; Berry, C. D.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183x002300030040x

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“…Cultivars based on a much broader range of ecotypes have also been produced in the USA, such as cv. AU Oasis and the germplasm AU1 for Alabama and similar environments (Pedersen et al 1983(Pedersen et al , 1984. More recently, The Noble Foundation screened a wide range of ecotypes and introductions under heavy grazing pressure for adaptation to the southern Great Plains environment, which resulted in adapted populations formed from plants in persistent accessions (Mian et al 2005;Hopkins et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

Gapare

Kilian

Stewart³

et al. 2021

Crop & Pasture Science

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Phalaris aquatica L. (phalaris) is a cool-season perennial grass originating from the Mediterranean Basin, north-west Africa and Middle Eastern regions that is used for livestock agriculture mainly in temperate areas with dry summers. It has been the subject of breeding programs in Australia, South America, New Zealand and the USA. Increased knowledge of relationships between wild and cultivated germplasm through use of molecular markers has the potential to facilitate future breeding gains. For this purpose, we conducted an analysis of P. aquatica by using 3905 polymorphic DArTseq SNP markers. Genetic diversity as measured by expected heterozygosity was similar for wild (H E = 0.14; n = 57) and cultivated (H E = 0.13; n = 37) accessions. Diversity in wild germplasm was generally continuous in nature, largely related to geographical location, with a division at the broadest scale into eastern and western clades, with more admixture in the western than the eastern clade. Structure analysis of wild germplasm indicated six subpopulations consistent with country of origin, with some admixture among subpopulations likely resulting from natural and human influences. There were nine subpopulations among wild and cultivated accessions combined. This population structure should be considered if genomic selection is applied in P. aquatica. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 71% of the genetic variation occurred within subpopulations and 29% among subpopulations. Genetic distances were low among cultivated germplasm from most countries except the USA, which was more distinct. Evaluation of material from the US pool by breeding programs in other countries, and additional material from the less utilised eastern clade, may be worthwhile.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

Gapare

Kilian

Stewart³

et al. 2021

Crop & Pasture Science

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The first century of Phalaris aquatica L. cultivation and genetic improvement: a review

Oram¹,

Ferreira

Culvenor

et al. 2009

Crop Pasture Sci.

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2006 marked the centenary of the commercial propagation of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) as a cultivated pasture plant, firstly in Australia, and soon after in New Zealand, South Africa, and North and South America. Small-scale evaluation of cv. Australian began in the Toowoomba Botanic Gardens, Queensland, in 1884. The first recorded large-scale production of seed was at the Glen Innes Research Farm of the NSW Department of Agriculture in February 1906. By 1908–15, several graziers in Australia and New Zealand sold seed widely within Australia, New Zealand, USA, Argentina, and South Africa. Factors affecting the utilisation of the original cultivar in Australia over the first half-century are reviewed. Thereafter, the need to extend the area of perennial pastures into regions unsuitable for cv. Australian led CSIRO and the US Department of Agriculture to collect germplasm widely in the Mediterranean region. Selection between and within Moroccan populations produced cvv. Sirocco and El Golea in Australia, and cv. Perla koleagrass in the USA. In Argentina, selection within cv. Australian produced the very successful, seed-retaining cv. Pergamino El Gaucho INTA, which was re-selected in Australia to produce cv. Seedmaster. The discovery of a single seed-retaining plant within a certified line of cv. Australian gave cv. Uneta, which had excellent seed retention because the rachillae of most seeds remained intact at maturity. In Australia, selection in populations derived from crosses between cv. Australian and Mediterranean ecotypes gave a succession of winter-active cultivars: Sirosa, Sirolan, Holdfast, Landmaster, Atlas PG, Advanced AT, and Holdfast GT. The latter 5 have Uneta-type seed retention, reduced tryptamine and tyramine alkaloids, and adaptation to different soil and climatic niches. Populations for the hotter, drier inland slopes of NSW are being field-tested. Also, a promising but unstable semi-dwarf line has been found: dwarfism appears to be caused by a transposable element. Breeding and selection programs in Argentina, several states of the USA, New Zealand, Israel, Tunisia, and Greece also produced cultivars with specific adaptations. Active breeding programs are continuing at Ardmore, OK, USA, and Pergamino, Argentina. A major remaining obstacle to the further improvement and utilisation of phalaris is the unknown chemical nature of the toxin(s) causing ‘sudden death’, which temporarily interfere with nitrogen metabolism in the brains of herbivores, especially ruminants.

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Registration of AU Oasis Phalaris¹ (Reg. No. 84)

Cited by 2 publications

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Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

The first century of Phalaris aquatica L. cultivation and genetic improvement: a review

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Registration of AU Oasis Phalaris1 (Reg. No. 84)

Cited by 2 publications

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Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated germplasm of the perennial pasture grass

The first century of Phalaris aquatica L. cultivation and genetic improvement: a review

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Registration of AU Oasis Phalaris¹ (Reg. No. 84)