Regionale Innovationspotenziale und innovative Netzwerke in Ost- und Südostasien

Abstract

The paper provides an empirical analysis of the macroeconomic factors that enhance revenue gap in South Africa using the multivariate cointegration techniques for the period 1965 to 2012. The results from the cointegration analysis indicate that the revenue gap in South Africa is negatively associated with the level of imports while positively related to external debt and underground economy. The former finding is consistent with the notion that imports are subjected to more taxation than domestic activities because of certain features of international trade that tend to make tax evasion difficult. On the other hand, the positive relationship between external debt and tax gap shows that the South African government relies upon external debt to finance its budget deficit resulting from missing revenues. Furthermore, the observed negative effect of the post-apartheid dummy confirms that the tax policy reforms that South Africa introduced following the liberation in 1994 have led to a reduction in missing revenues. The results from the Granger causality test also show that there is a unidirectional causality running from imports and underground economy to revenue gap, while revenue gap on the other hand is found to Granger-cause national income and external debt in South Africa.

Conceptualizing leapfrogging with spatially coupled innovation systems: The case of onsite wastewater treatment in China

“…Finally, traditional leapfrogging theories assume that NICs lack financial and technological resources as well as key practical and organizational know-how, thus making technology transfer and foreign assistance of crucial importance. This is especially the case with the importation of know-how through foreign direct investment, licensing or joint ventures [19,35]. It is therefore sometimes implicitly argued that intensive foreign direct investment in combination with a basic (regulation-induced) demand in the respective NICs are sufficient conditions for initiating a leapfrogging development [36].…”

“…Most of the empirical studies on TIS thus far have focused on specific countries or provided comparative analyses of a limited number of national cases [51,[53][54][55]. This narrow focus is inappropriate for innovation system studies in NICs because they are often strongly export-oriented and interdependent with actors, networks and institutions from a variety of foreign countries [35]. In the following, we thus introduce a spatial differentiation by explicitly positing NIC-bound TIS structures in their international context.…”

Regionale Netzwerke, Gesellschaftliche Nachhaltigkeit gestalten – am Beispiel von Lernpartnerschaften zwischen Schulen und Unternehmen

“…BATHELT & GLÜCKLER 2002;FRITSCH ET AL. 1998;FROMHOLD-EISEBITH 1995GEELHAAR & MUNTWYLER 1998;KO-SCHATZKY 2001REVILLA DIEZ & SCHÄTZL 2006;SCHAMP 2000;STERNBERG 1998STERNBERG /2002STÖRMER 2001). Es wird dabei jedoch außer bei Störmer (2001) MAIER & OBERMAIER (2001) sehen als wesentliche Bedingung für Innovationen die Verflechtung mit dem regionalen Milieu und die Bereitschaft der Unternehmen eine auf Kooperation und Vernetzung gerichtete Innovationsstrategie zu verfolgen.…”