Regional variations of private prescriptions for the non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone in Germany

Hoffmann, Falk; Hies, Markus; Glaeske, Gerd

doi:10.1002/pds.2013

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…More importantly, information is not recorded in SHIs claims data. Therefore, private prescriptions are a “black-box” for research and quality assurance [27]). The majority reported that they used the latter option because they feared recourse claims by the SHI and hoped to cap their prescribing budget.…”

Section: Prescribing Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of context factors in hypnotic and sedative prescription in primary and secondary care—a qualitative study

Weiss

Nau

Glaeske

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Section: Prescribing Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of context factors in hypnotic and sedative prescription in primary and secondary care—a qualitative study

Weiss

Nau

Glaeske

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…Zolpidem has been considered safer than benzodiazepines, and it is associated with a lower probability of abuse and dependence [30]. However, there is a growing evidence that zolpidem has the potential for abuse and dependence [31,32]. The finding of high prevalence of hypnotics and sedatives use poses significant concerns regarding dependence on these agents and subsequent adverse events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Psychiatric Outpatient Practice in Taiwan: A Nationwide Survey

Dai

Chen

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Limited studies have utilized nationwide data to assess the patterns of psychiatric practice in other countries. In this study, data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan (NHIRD-TW) for 2012 was analyzed to determine the patterns of psychiatric outpatient practice in Taiwan; (2) Methods: To determine the patterns of psychiatric outpatient practice in Taiwan, the data were drawn from the datasets of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database for 2012, with 619,760 records of outpatient visits representing 1/500 of all the claims in Taiwan for that year. The analysis of psychiatric outpatient visits included patient demographics, diagnoses, and prescribed medications; (3) Results: Neurotic disorders were the most prevalent diagnoses (43.1%, n = 5714). Hypnotics-sedatives and anxiolytics were prescribed in 51.7% (n = 6850) and 39.1% (n = 5181) of psychiatric visits, respectively, with zolpidem being the most commonly prescribed drug (22.6%, n = 2998); and (4) Conclusion: Hypnotics and sedatives were widely prescribed for the outpatient population, and zolpidem had the highest annual prevalence of use. These findings deserve the attention of clinicians and policy makers for monitoring the abuse and dependence of these agents and subsequent adverse events.

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“…Der Arzneiverordnungsreport, aus dem diese Daten entnommen sind, stützt sich allerdings ausschließlich auf Daten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Neue Analysen [39,40] konnten belegen, dass in den letzten Jahren Präparate aus dem Kreis der Z-Substanzen (Zolpidem, Zopiclon) zunehmend über Privatrezepte verschrieben wurden und somit keineswegs von einem Rückgang der Verschreibungen von BZ/ BZRA ausgegangen werden kann. Laut Jahrbuch Sucht 2010 [4] wurden im Jahr 2008 in Deutschland 28,9 Mio Interessenkonflikt.…”

Section: Hypnotikaunclassified

Substanzinduzierte Schlafstörungen und Schlafmittelmissbrauch

Riemann

Nissen

2011

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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The intake of a large variety of substances has a negative impact on sleep. Widely used, readily available substances like alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine need to be mentioned here. Illicit drugs (e.g., heroin or ecstasy) have different mechanisms of action with a high sleep-disrupting potential. Prescription drugs, i.e., corticosteroids or β-blockers, may also negatively affect sleep. An important question is whether the intake of hypnotics, especially benzodiazepines, may have a negative long-term effect on sleep. Classical benzodiazepines (BZ) initially lead to a reduction of nocturnal wake time and prolong total sleep time as a desired effect. Regarding the microstructure of sleep, BZ lead to a reduction of slow frequencies and an increase of fast frequencies in the EEG. With many BZ, tolerance may occur, thus, leading to unwanted dose increases. Further problems include rebound effects that occur upon discontinuation of BZ, including a drastic deterioration of sleep upon drug withdrawal. This phenomenon may pave the way for the development of drug dependency. Further unwanted side-effects (e.g., nocturnal falls) and the question of BZ abuse and dependency will be discussed.

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Regional variations of private prescriptions for the non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone in Germany

Abstract: In addition to large regional variations, zolpidem is more often prescribed as a private prescription than zopiclone. This might be a signal for a higher abuse potential of zolpidem.

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

The interplay of context factors in hypnotic and sedative prescription in primary and secondary care—a qualitative study

The interplay of context factors in hypnotic and sedative prescription in primary and secondary care—a qualitative study

Patterns of Psychiatric Outpatient Practice in Taiwan: A Nationwide Survey

Substanzinduzierte Schlafstörungen und Schlafmittelmissbrauch

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