Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Febrile Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) thwarts the curative power of drugs and is a present-time global problem. We present data on antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants of bacteria the WHO has highlighted as being key antimicrobial resistance concerns in Africa, to strengthen knowledge of AMR patterns in the region. Methods: Blood, stool, and urine specimens of febrile patients, aged between ≥ 30 days and ≤ 15 years and hospitalized in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, and Tanzania were cultured from November 2013 to March 2017 (Patients > 15 years were included in Tanzania). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus aureus isolates using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed by double-disk diffusion test and the detection of bla CTX−M , bla TEM and bla SHV. Multilocus sequence typing was conducted for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica and S. aureus. Ciprofloxacin-resistant

Knowledge and perception on antimicrobial resistance and antibiotics prescribing attitude among physicians and nurses in Lambaréné region, Gabon: a call for setting-up an antimicrobial stewardship program

“…To date, there are no co-ordinated antimicrobial stewardship activities in Gabon. The routine and clinical data on microbiological resistance from the Lambaréné referral hospital show increasing AMR rates [ 7 , 12 ]. We hypothesised that there is a gap in knowledge of HCW about AMR.…”

International travel as a risk factor for carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a large sample of European individuals - The AWARE Study

“…Other potential risk factors include travels to high-risk areas for AR , nutrition (28,29), health status (21,25), and occupation (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). However, most of the studies examining potential risk factors focus on high-risk populations such as travelers (8,10,14,18,20,25,26,46), healthcare workers and patients (39,44,45,47,48), swimmers (49)(50)(51), farmers (32)(33)(34)(35)37,38,40,42,43), and slaughterhouse workers (31), and often using small convenience samples of e.g. students (16,17,…”

Antibiotic resistance profiles and population structure of disease-associated Staphylococcus aureus infecting patients in Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda

“…Study on the emergence and epidemiology of AMR in S. aureus and spread of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has intensified [7,8] but data OPEN ACCESS from resource-poor regions remains sparse. In Uganda, AMR phenotyping of S. aureus strains derived from symptomatic and apparently healthy humans and livestock has suggested that resistance to different and multiple antibiotics, including methicillin is prevalent [9][10][11].…”

“…aureus and spread of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has intensified [7, 8] but data from resource-poor regions remains sparse. In Uganda, AMR phenotyping of S.…”