Regional Susceptibilities ofRhopalosiphum padi(Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Ten Insecticides

Abstract

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Characterisation of imidacloprid resistance in the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious pest on wheat crops

“…The high level of resistance to imidacloprid in R. padi field populations documented here has not previously been reported; however, two other aphid species, A. gossypii and M. persicae , have been reported to have developed extremely high levels of resistance in the field . Rhopalosiphum padi mainly damages wheat and other gramineous crops.…”

“…To investigate possible mechanisms of the development of imidacloprid resistance in R. padi, an insecticide-resistant strain was selected in the laboratory, and the development and mechanisms of resistance and cross-resistance to other insecticides were analysed in this study. The high level of resistance to imidacloprid in R. padi field populations documented here has not previously been reported; 7,44 however, two other aphid species, A. gossypii and M. persicae, have been reported to have developed extremely high levels of resistance in the field. [9][10][11]45,46 Rhopalosiphum padi mainly damages wheat and other gramineous crops.…”

“…Aside from direct feeding damage, R. padi also transmits the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which causes an economically important disease in small grains, leading to reduced quality and yield . In recent years, outbreaks of this pest have often occurred in China, and it has shown an increasing degree of resistance to some insecticides, including organophosphates and carbamates . Since its introduction in the early 1990s, imidacloprid has rapidly become one of the most commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides against aphids, whiteflies, and planthoppers .…”

“…2 In recent years, outbreaks of this pest have often occurred in China, 3,4 and it has shown an increasing degree of resistance to some insecticides, including organophosphates and carbamates. [5][6][7] Since its introduction in the early 1990s, imidacloprid has rapidly become one of the most commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides against aphids, whiteflies, and planthoppers. 8 Regional susceptibility analyses of 12 R. padi field populations showed that some populations had different resistance levels to imidacloprid, with the highest resistance ratio being 13.6; however, the resistance levels of Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii field populations to imidacloprid were much higher.…”

miR-147b-modulated expression of vestigial regulates wing development in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi

“…Climate change and urbanization has been suggested an increase of anholocyclic clones and winged individuals, causing more serious virus transmission and cereal damage [19][20][21]. To date, the control of R. padi relies on the application of chemical insecticides, which have leaded to insecticide resistance and environmental pollution [22]. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of wing development process is important for controlling R. padi effectively.…”