Regional Innovation Systems: Theory, Empirics and Policy

Abstract

Asheim B. T., Lawton Smith H. and Oughton C. Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy, Regional Studies. Interest in regional innovation systems has grown significantly over the past three decades driven partly by advances in theoretical analysis, partly by the growing interest in innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and partly by the need for new policies to address regional inequalities and divergence. This article explores the elements and characteristics that exemplify the regional innovation systems approach. It provides an appraisal and synthesis of the regional innovation systems paradigm and aims to shed light on a number of areas where theoretical, empirical and policy-based questions remain unanswered. It outlines and assesses the major strands in recent theoretical and empirical debates and discusses how they might be developed to contribute to the further advancement of the regional innovation systems literature. Three interrelated questions form the key themes around which the article is structured. The first concerns the very nature of the system itself. The second concerns the boundaries of industrial districts, clusters and regional innovation systems, and the role of cognitive frontiers, knowledge transfer and learning. The third relates to the central role of knowledge and learning in clusters and regional innovation systems and in particular to the role and functioning of the labour market. These three cross-cutting themes separately and collectively provide new theoretical, empirical and policy insights; they also raise other questions which are intended to stimulate much future research. Asheim B. T., Lawton Smith H. and Oughton C. 区域创新系统：理论&# 12289;实践以及政策，区 495;研究。 对区域创新系统的关&# 27880;在过去的 30 年内得到显著提高，&# 36825;部分归因于理论分 512;的进步，也由于创ਫ 2;是竞争优势的源头， 同时也基于新政策强&# 35843;区域不公平以及区 495;差异的需求。本文್ 1;察了对区域创新系统 方法进行分析的要素&# 20197;及特征。文章通过 545;区域创新系统范式௚ 0;评价以及综合分析为 理论、实践以及政策&# 39046;域做出相应的贡献 290;研究概述并评价了௤ 6;前理论及实践研究中 主要的分支，讨论了&# 20182;们在区域创新系统 740;究中的下一步发展ਬ 1;向。文章围绕三个理 论核心展开。首先考&# 34385;系统本身的性质。 854;次考虑产业区、集ೃ 6;以及区域创新系统的 边界，认知前沿、知&# 35782;转换以及学习过程 340;作用。第三是知识ߎ 2;学习在集群及区域创 新系统尤其是劳动力&# 24066;场职能中的核心作 992;。上述三类跨界的ߒ 7;题各自或者整合地提 供了新的理论、实践&# 20197;及政策视角，同时 063;指出未来研究中需ව 1;注意的问题。 区域创新系统 产业区 集群 知识与学习 劳动力市场 Asheim B. T., Lawton Smith H. et Oughton C. Les systemes d'innovation regionaux: la theorie, l'empiricisme et la politique, Regional Studies. L'interet pour les systemes d'innovation regionaux a augmente sensiblement pendant les trois dernieres decennies, conduit en partie par les progres dans l'analyse theorique, en partie par l'interet croissant pour l'innovation comme source de l'avantage competitif, et en partie par la necessite des politiques nouvelles pour aborder les ecarts et les divergences regionaux. Cet article examine les elements et les caracteristiques qui illustrent les facons d'aborder les systemes d'innovation regionaux. On evalue et synthetise le paradigme des systemes d'innovation regionaux et eclaircit un nombre de questions theoriques, empiriques et de politiques aux...

Interdisciplinary research and geography: Overcoming barriers through proximity

“…Multiple contributions within economic geography have highlighted the importance of geographical proximity and the regional environment for the development of individual organisations (e.g. Morgan 1997;Cooke 2001;Asheim, et al 2011). We draw on these insights to suggest that geography has two main influences on the development of interdisciplinary research.…”

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“…Other theoretical approaches present similar views, like national-, regional-, or sectorial innovation system theory and triple helix theory (Asheim & Isaksen, 2002;Asheim, Smith & Oughton, 2011;Balland, Boschma & Frenken, 2015;Cooke, 2001;Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000;Freeman, 1993;Leydesdorff, 2012;Lundvall, 2010). Common to all these approaches is the view that innovation is a distributed and interactive process, involving a multitude of actors embedded within dynamic systems that no individual member of the system controls alone.…”

The evolving nature of China's regional innovation systems: Insights from an exploration–exploitation approach

“…Following this approach, scholars usually stress the primary innovative profile of a region by characterizing innovation activities using indicators such as education, regional R&D investments, existing technological base and technological outputs (e.g., patents and new product sales) [22,29]. As a result, regional differences in terms of innovation activities and competitiveness have been attributed to elements that characterize RISs.…”