“…CET is commonly defined as "the beliefs held by [American] consumers about the appropriateness, indeed morality, of purchasing foreign-made products" (Shimp & Sharma, 1987, p. 280). CET represents a general inclination to prefer domestic products (Klein et al, 1998, Fernández-Ferrín & Bande-Vilela, 2013 that affects choices between domestic and foreign products (Klein, 2002) and thus serves as a behavioral regulation mechanism. CET is consequently distinct from other concepts reflecting consumer expressions of national identity (Carvalho et al, 2019), such as patriotism (Balabanis, Diamantopoulos, Mueller & Melewar, 2001), animosity (Klein, Ettenson & Morris, 1998) or nationalism (Ariely, 2012).…”