Regional differences in myogenic and neurogenic properties of rabbit sphincter of Oddi smooth muscle

Parkman, HP; Pagano, Anthony P.; Rm, Thomas; Ryan, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)83340-4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Lonovics et al (1994) have shown that the distal region of the rabbit SO predominantly exhibits NO-mediated relaxations on electrical stimulation, in comparison with the proximal SO. Similarly, electrophysiological studies in the guinea-pig SO suggest a greater inhibitory activity in the distal region (Vongalis et al 1989), although Parkman et al (1998) have reported that the NO pathway is more prominent proximally. The present study has demonstrated differences in the density of putative inhibitory neurons, namely those co-localising NOS and/or VIP immunoreactivity between the different regions of the SO.…”

Section: Vip Within the So And Duodenum And Its Co-localisation With Nosmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Regional differences in the distribution of inhibitory neurons within the SO A number of studies in the guinea-pig, rabbit and possum indicate that the distal and proximal regions of the SO display different patterns of motor activity (Vongalis et al 1989;Lonovics et al 1994;Parkman et al 1998). The mechanisms underlying these regional differences have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Vip Within the So And Duodenum And Its Co-localisation With Nosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VIP is present in a subpopulation of NOS-containing neurons in the rat intestine and human gastric fundus and colon (Aimi et al 1993;Ekblad et al 1994;Porter et al 1997;Tonini et al 2000) and co-exists in all NOS-containing neurons within the guinea-pig small intestine (Costa et al 1992). In the SO, the presence of VIP has been demonstrated in the opossum and several other species (Sand et al 1993;Wells et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum

Simula

Brookes

Meedeniya

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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The nitrergic innervation of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) and duodenum in the Australian brush-tailed possum and the possible association of this innervation with the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were investigated by using immunohistochemical localisation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and VIP, together with the general neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). Whole-mount preparations of the duodenum and attached SO without the mucosa, submucosa and circular muscle (n=12) were double- and triple-labelled. The density of myenteric nerve cell bodies of the SO in the more distal region (duodenal end) was significantly higher than that in the more proximal region. In the SO, approximately 50% of all cells were NOS-immunoreactive (IR), with 27% of the NOS-IR cells being VIP-IR. Within the duodenal myenteric plexus, NOS immunoreactivity was present in about 25% of all neurons, with 27% of these NOS-IR neurons also being VIP-IR, a similar proportion to that in the SO. Varicose nerve fibres with NOS and VIP immunoreactivity were present within the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the SO and duodenum, and in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. The NOS-positive cells within both the SO and duodenum were unipolar, displaying a typical Dogiel type I morphology. The myenteric plexuses of the SO and duodenum were in direct continuity, with many interconnecting nerve trunks, some of which showed NOS and VIP immunoreactivity. Thus, the possum possesses an extensive NOS innervation of the SO and duodenum, with a significantly higher proportion of NOS-IR neurons within the SO, a subset of which contains VIP.

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Section: Vip Within the So And Duodenum And Its Co-localisation With Nosmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Vip Within the So And Duodenum And Its Co-localisation With Nosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum

Simula

Brookes

Meedeniya

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…Evidence is accumulating that the possum biliary‐SO may be composed of at least two SO regions, the proximal‐SO and distal‐SO, which respond differently to chemical and electrical stimuli in electrophysiological and in vitro functional studies (Lonovics et al 1994; Parkman et al 1998; Woods et al 2000). Two studies in guinea pig (Vongalis et al 1989; Hirose & Ito, 1991) have identified three neurally distinct SO regions that appear to correspond to the proximal‐SO, body‐SO and papilla‐SO regions described in this current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The possum sphincter of Oddi pumps or resists flow depending on common bile duct pressure: a multilumen manometry study

Grivell

Woods

Grivell³

et al. 2004

The Journal of Physiology

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The sphincter of Oddi (SO) regulates trans-sphincteric flow (TSF) by acting primarily as a pump or as a resistor in specific species. We used the Australian possum SO, which functions similarly to the human SO, to characterize SO motility responses to different common bile duct (CBD) and duodenal pressures. Possum CBD, SO and attached duodenum (n =18) was mounted in an organ bath. External reservoirs were used to impose CBD (0-17 mmHg) and duodenal (0, 4, 7 mmHg) pressure. Spontaneous SO activity was recorded using four-lumen pico-manometry and TSF was measured gravimetrically. Temporal analysis of manometric and TSF recordings identified three functionally distinct biliary-SO regions, the proximal-SO (juxta-CBD), body-SO and papilla-SO. At CBD pressures < 3 mmHg the motor activity of these regions was coordinated to pump fluid. Proximal-SO contractions isolated fluid within the body-SO. Peristaltic contraction through the body-SO pumped this fluid through the papilla-SO (17-27 µl contraction), which opened to facilitate flow. CBD pressure > 3.5 mmHg resulted in progressive changes in TSF to predominantly passive 'resistor'-type flow, occurring during proximal-SO-body-SO quiescence, when CBD pressure exceeded the pressure at the papilla-SO. Progression from pump to resistor function commenced when CBD pressure was 2-4 mmHg greater than duodenal pressure. These results imply that TSF is dependent on the CBD-duodenal pressure difference. The papilla-SO is pivotal to TSF, relaxing during proximal-SO-body-SO pumping and closing during proximal-SO-body-SO quiescence. The pump function promotes TSF at low CBD pressure and prevents bile stasis. At higher CBD pressure, the papilla-SO permits TSF along a pressure gradient, thereby maintaining a low pressure within the biliary tract.

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“…A number of functional and electrophysiological studies in American opossum, guinea‐pig, rabbit and Australian possum have indicated that the distal (juxta duodenum) and proximal segments of the SO (distal‐SO and proximal‐SO respectively) can display different activities in response to various bioactive agents or neural stimulation 11–20 . Interestingly, immunohistochemical and receptor binding studies found polarized distributions for substance P receptors and a gradient of nitric oxide (NO) synthase innervation in the SO 12–14 which may explain some of the different responses by these regions of the SO. There is also controversy as to whether the bile duct and pancreatic duct components of the SO can also display independent activities 11,15–17 …”

Section: So Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sphincter of Oddi: understanding its control and function

Woods

Mawe

Toouli

et al. 2005

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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The most common functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas are associated with disordered motility of the sphincter of Oddi (SO). The SO is a neuromuscular structure located at the junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts with the duodenum. The primary functions of the SO are to regulate the delivery of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum, and to prevent the reflux of duodenal contents into the biliary and pancreatic systems. Disordered motility of the SO leads to the common and painful clinical conditions of SO dysfunction and acute pancreatitis. In order to understand normal SO motility, studies have been performed addressing SO function, control of spontaneous SO activity, responses to bioactive agents, SO innervation, and reflexes with other gastrointestinal organs. These studies have led to the current understanding of how the SO functions and may permit the development of targeted therapy for SO dysfunction and acute pancreatitis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the control and regulation of SO motility, highlighting laboratory based and clinical research performed over the last 5 years.

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Regional differences in myogenic and neurogenic properties of rabbit sphincter of Oddi smooth muscle

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum

The possum sphincter of Oddi pumps or resists flow depending on common bile duct pressure: a multilumen manometry study

The sphincter of Oddi: understanding its control and function

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