The sphincter of Oddi: understanding its control and function

Woods, Charmaine M.; Mawe, Gary M.; Toouli, James; Saccone, G. T. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00658.x

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The sphincter of Oddi has the function of regulating bile in the digestive system (3,4). It is known that there are both pathological effects such as papillary stenosis, sclerosing papillitis, biliary spasm, and congenital anomalies like double bile duct which cause dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi (3,4,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that there are both pathological effects such as papillary stenosis, sclerosing papillitis, biliary spasm, and congenital anomalies like double bile duct which cause dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi (3,4,13). It is also known that both biliary and pancreatic systems may fail as a result of the dysfunctions in the sphincter of Oddi and the dysfunction occurs more frequently among women compared to men (3,4,13). Thus, it is crucial to know the emergence of the sphincter of Oddi for early diagnosis of any pathological or anatomical anomalies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sphincter of Oddi is derived from its location between the ductus choledochus and the ductus pancreaticus anatomically (1)(2)(3)(4). Oddi in 1887 and Dardinski in 1935 mentioned this fact in their studies (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric Development of Sphincter of Oddi in Human Fetuses During Fetal Period: Microscopic Study

et al. 2012

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Objective: In this study, morphometric developments of the sphincter of Oddi in human fetuses were observed. Material and Methods:We observed 113 human fetuses consisting of 67 male and 46 female subjects, whose ages varied between 14 to 40 weeks who showed no signs of any pathology or anomaly externally. The common external measurements of fetuses were carried out, followed by abdominal dissection to determine where the sphincters of Oddi were localized within the duodenum and pancreas. Histological specimens of tissue samples were gathered from the inner wall of the duodenum where it was assumed that the sphincters of Oddi had been localized. The parameters of total external diameters, lumen diameters, wall thickness, diameters of ductus choledochus and ductus pancreaticus, and the distance between these two structures, which are also known as the origins of the sphincter of Oddi, were measured by using a light microscope. The standard deviations of the measurements were calculated for each gestational week and trimester.Results: The calculations suggested that there were statistically significant correlations between gestational age and all of the other parameters with the exception of the ductus choledochus (p<0.001). It was observed that the wall thickness of the ductus choledochus increased at the first half of the fetal stage and decreased at the second half, as the lumen diameter increased through the 40th week. The gender difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion:The data we collected in our study were considered as useful for the evaluation of the development of the sphincter of Oddi area and fetal stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric Development of Sphincter of Oddi in Human Fetuses During Fetal Period: Microscopic Study

et al. 2012

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“…But most of the time the obstruction is relieved by dislodging of the gall stone and this resolves the inflammatory process. 8 But when gall bladder remains blocked the secondary bacterial infection supervenes leading to acute gangrenous cholecystitis, empyma or perforation. The perforation usually remains in the subhepatic space confined by omentum or adjacent organs.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Acute Cholecystitis and Gall Bladder Perforamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute gall bladder perforation: case series over three years

2017

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Background: Acute perforation of gall bladder is a life threatening condition. It is a complication of acute cholecystitis. This is not an uncommon condition and resembles acute cholecystitis in its presentation. If there is delay in diagnosis and management there is high morbidity and mortality. It should be diagnosed as early as possible for better prognosis.Methods: This is a retrospective study wherein data of cholelithiasis, acute and chronic cholecystitis and perforated gall bladder from our hospital for the last three years 2014-2016 was collected. The clinical presentation, investigations routine and radiological, surgical and medical management was analysed.Results: Total numbers of patients with chronic cholelithiasis were 3534, patients with acute cholecystitis were 133, and numbers of patients with gall bladder perforations were 22, making it 0.6% of gall bladder disease patients and 16.5% among patients with acute cholecystitis. TLC was invariably raised in all the cases. 12 out of 22 cases were managed conservatively while others underwent surgery. There was no mortality in the series.Conclusions: Gall bladder perforation occurs in about two weeks or several weeks after episode of acute cholecystitis, the incidence of occurrence of perforation increases to four folds if there is delay in proper management of acute cholecystitis more than two days after the onset of symptoms. Clinical presentation varies from an acute generalized peritonitis to nonspecific abdominal symptoms and thus requires prompt diagnosis for better prognosis.

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“…The sphincter of Oddi (SO) has the ability to settle the drainage of bile into the duodenum, facilitates the filling of the gallbladder and stops reflux of the duodenal ingredients back into the common bile duct and pancreatic duct (1,2). SO is a complex structure formed by smooth muscle fibers and a neural network and its motility and function are mediated through hormonal and neural pathways (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Relaxant Effects of Ataciguat and Zaprinast on Sheep Sphincter of Oddi

et al. 2016

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Background:Relaxing the sphincter of Oddi (SO) is an important process during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. This issue suggests that the easier the sphincterotomy and cannulation, the more post-ERCP complications decrease. Aims: To compare the relaxant effects of ataciguat (a novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activator) and zaprinast (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5) on sheep SO in vitro, thus testing whether they can be used during ERCP. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Sheep SO rings were placed in tissue baths and their isometric tension to ataciguat and zaprinast were tested. We also tested their isometric tension against ataciguat in the presence of 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazole (4,3-a) quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) which is a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. Results: Ataciguat and zaprinast both triggered concentration addicted relaxation on sheep SO rings (p=0.0018, p=0.0025 respectively) but the relaxation of the ataciguat was significantly greater than that of zaprinast at all concentrations (p=0.0024). It was observed that decreased relaxation responses were initiated by ataciguat in the presence of ODQ (p=0.0012). Conclusion: Ataciguat and zaprinast both have relaxing effects on sphincter of Oddi, although that of zaprinast is lower. We believe that ataciguat and zaprinast can be used in ERCP procedures in order to relax the sphincter of Oddi and thus can be used locally in order to decrease complications.

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The sphincter of Oddi: understanding its control and function

Cited by 49 publications

References 84 publications

Morphometric Development of Sphincter of Oddi in Human Fetuses During Fetal Period: Microscopic Study

Morphometric Development of Sphincter of Oddi in Human Fetuses During Fetal Period: Microscopic Study

Acute gall bladder perforation: case series over three years

Comparative Relaxant Effects of Ataciguat and Zaprinast on Sheep Sphincter of Oddi

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