Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Du, Hanjian; Zhang, Yuanchao; Xie, Bing; Wu, Nan; Wu, Gang; Wang, Jian; Jiang, Tianzi; Feng, Hua

doi:10.1002/jmri.22416

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For example, deflation of the putamen and pallidum was reported in a group of patients with GTCSO3; and in a further group with GTCSO, gray matter reduction was found in the cerebellum 10. In a group of patients with JME, shape analysis showed surface reduction in bilateral hippocampi 25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pattern of thalamic volume loss that has been reported to be atypical in GGE is consistent with our results. For example, patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures only (GTCSO) revealed reduced gray matter in the ventral anterior and lateral nuclei of the thalamus compared to healthy controls 3, 23, 24. In a group of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), shape analysis showed surface reduction in the medial and lateral nuclei of bilateral thalami25 and decreased gray matter volume in the anteromedial thalamus has also been found in patients with JME11 and in a group of mixed GGE patients 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are conflicting findings regarding which brain regions are involved and whether the abnormality consists of increased or reduced volume of particular brain regions. Gray matter atrophy in the putamen,3, 4 caudate,4 globus pallidus3 and hippocampus5 has been identified inconsistently across studies in patients with GGE compared to healthy controls. The thalamus has shown the most consistent differences, typically volume loss3, 4, 6, 7 in patients with GGE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gray matter atrophy in the putamen,3, 4 caudate,4 globus pallidus3 and hippocampus5 has been identified inconsistently across studies in patients with GGE compared to healthy controls. The thalamus has shown the most consistent differences, typically volume loss3, 4, 6, 7 in patients with GGE. Morphologic abnormalities of cortex, in particular prefrontal, precentral, and posterior cingulate, have also been reported, although inconsistently 6, 8, 9, 10, 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

et al. 2017

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SummaryObjectivePatients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) have subtle morphologic abnormalities of the brain revealed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in the thalamus. However, it is unclear whether morphologic abnormalities of the brain in GGE are a consequence of repeated seizures over the duration of the disease, or are a consequence of treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), or are independent of these factors. Therefore, we measured brain morphometry in a cohort of AED‐naive patients with GGE at disease onset. We hypothesize that drug‐naive patients at disease onset have gray matter changes compared to age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsWe performed quantitative measures of gray matter volume in the thalamus, putamen, caudate, pallidum, hippocampus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex, precentral cortex, and cingulate in 29 AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE and compared them to 32 age‐matched healthy controls. We subsequently compared the shape of any brain structures found to differ in gray matter volume between the groups.ResultsThe thalamus was the only structure to show reduced gray matter volume in AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE compared to healthy controls. Shape analysis revealed that the thalamus showed deflation, which was not uniformly distributed, but particularly affected a circumferential strip involving anterior, superior, posterior, and inferior regions with sparing of medial and lateral regions.SignificanceStructural abnormalities in the thalamus are present at the initial onset of GGE in AED‐naive patients, suggesting that thalamic structural abnormality is an intrinsic feature of GGE and not a consequence of AEDs or disease duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

et al. 2017

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“…Disinhibition of the globus pallidium by local injection of a GABAa antagonist suppresses absence seizures, whereas inhibition of the pallidium by a GABAa agonist aggravates absence seizures [24] , indicating that GABAergic neurons of the globus pallidium play an important role in epilepsy. Moreover, regional atrophy in the bilateral globus pallidium has been found in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (GS) [25] . Therefore, the GPe may be a promising target of DBS for interfering with epilepsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-frequency stimulation of the external globus palladium produces anti-epileptogenic and anti-ictogenic actions in rats

Cao¹,

Kuang

Liu

et al. 2015

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Sensorimotor and pain‐related alterations of the gray matter and white matter in Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy

Zhang

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has long been considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that alterations in the central nervous system may play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Here, we used surface-based morphometry (SBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between patients with DPN (n = 67, 44 painless and 23 painful) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 88). Compared with HCs, patients with DPN exhibited GM abnormalities in the pre-and postcentral gyrus and in several deep GM nuclei (caudate, putamen, medial pallidum, thalamus, and ventral nuclear). They also exhibited altered WM tracts (corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract, and thalamocortical projecting fibers). These findings suggest impaired motor and somatosensory pathways in DPN. Further, patients with DPN (particularly painful DPN) exhibited morphological differences in the cingulate, insula, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus, as well as impaired WM integrity in periaqueductal WM and internal and external capsules. This suggests pain-perception/modulation pathways are altered in painful DPN. Intermodal correlation analyses found that the morphological indices of the brain regions identified by the SBM analysis were significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy of brain regions identified by the TBSS analysis, suggesting that the GM and WM alterations were tightly coupled. Overall, our study showed sensorimotor and pain-related GM and WM Youming Zhang and Minli Qu contributed equally to this work.

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Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

Low-frequency stimulation of the external globus palladium produces anti-epileptogenic and anti-ictogenic actions in rats

Sensorimotor and pain‐related alterations of the gray matter and white matter in Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy

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