Regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine

Kempen, Theo A. T. G. van; Kim, I B; Jansman, A.J.M.; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Hancock, Joe D.; Lee, D J; Gabert, Vince M.; Albin, David M.; Fahey, G. C.; Grieshop, Christine M.; Mahan, D. C.

doi:10.2527/2002.802429x

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The soybean meal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.05, or 0.10% of CS. The lowprotein casein diet was used to measure endogenous protein loss as previously described [9,[22][23][24] based on an assumption that casein itself is 100% digestible at a low inclusion level [5].…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of carbohydrases in corn-soybean meal based grower-finisher pig diets

et al. 2006

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-Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of carbohydrase (CS) supplements in pig diets on ileal digestibility and ammonia emission. The CS used in this study is composed of the enzymes obtained from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae during their fermentation process. The major active enzymes were α-1,6-galactosidase, β-1,4-mannanase, and β-1,4-mannosidase that target flatulence producing compounds in soybean meals. In experience 1 (Exp. 1), 8 cannulated barrows (93.9 ± 2.0 kg) were fed diets with CS supplementation (0.00, 0.05 and 0.10%) in order to measure ileal nutrient digestibility. Ileal digestibilities of lysine, threonine, and tryptophan were improved (P < 0.05) with CS supplements at 0.05% and 0.10%, whereas digestibility of methionine and branched-chain amino acids did not improve. Supplementing 0.05% CS increased (P < 0.05) apparent ileal energy digestibility. In experience 2 (Exp. 2), 100 pigs (24.1 ± 0.6 kg) were fed either a control diet (3 278 Mcal ME per kg diet) or a low-energy diet (3 109 Mcal ME per kg diet) with 0.05% CS for 4-wk. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for ADG, feed intake, and gain:feed between the pigs fed a low-energy diet with CS and the control during the entire 4-wk. In experience 3 (Exp. 3), 100 pigs (64.1 ± 1.7 kg) were fed either a control diet (3 277 Mcal ME per kg diet) or a low-energy diet (3 168 Mcal ME per kg diet) with 0.05% CS for 4-wk. Barrows fed the diet with CS grew faster and had an increased gain:feed (P < 0.05) than the control, whereas growth rate and gain:feed of the gilts was not improved by CS. In experience 4 (Exp. 4), 60 pigs (23.1 ± 1.7 kg) were fed either a control diet or a 0.05% CS supplemented diet (3 replicates per treatment with 10 pigs per pen). The pigs in each pen were moved to an environmental chamber and aerial ammonia levels were measured for 66 h at 5 min intervals but the first 18-h was regarded as an acclimation period and the last 48-h was regarded as the data collection period. There was no difference (P = 0.436) in the average ammonia concentration between the treatments. However, the increase in ammonia concentration was slower (P < 0.05) from pigs fed 0.05% CS than from pigs fed the control diet. These experiments indicate that the CS supplementation improves nutrient digestibility and could reduce at least 3% of ME in swine diets without adverse effects on growth performance. Résumé -Utilisation des carbohydrases dans les régimes à base de farine de maïs-soja chez le porc en croissance-finition. Quatre expériences ont été conduites pour déterminer les effets de l'addition de carbohydrases (CS) dans l'alimentation des porcs sur la digestibilité iléale des nutriments et l'émission d'ammoniac. Les carbohydrases utilisées dans cette étude ont été des enzymes obtenues à partir d'Aspergillus niger et Aspergillus oryzae durant le processus de fermentation. Les principales enzymes actives étaient l'α-1,6-galactosidase, la β-1,4-mannanase, et la β-1,4-mannosidase qui visent les composés à l'origine de ...

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Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparent and standardized digestibilities were calculated as previously described by van Kempen et al [24]. Endogenous amino acid losses determined using the low-protein casein diet were used to calculate standardized digestibility.…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of carbohydrases in corn-soybean meal based grower-finisher pig diets

et al. 2006

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“…Estudos comparando FS produzidos em diferentes países indicaram que sua composição química e valor energético são variáveis ( VAN KEMPEN et al, 2002;KARR-LILIENTHAL et al, 2005).…”

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Características químicas e valores energéticos de farelos de soja do oeste e sudoeste do Paraná

et al. 2008

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RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo para determinar a variabilidade de características químicas e valores energéticos de farelos de soja (FS) do oeste e sudoeste do Paraná. Foram estudadas 40 amostras colhidas em 10 processadores e distribuidores durante quatro meses consecutivos. Houve diferenças (P<0,05) entre os teores de matéria seca (MS) dos farelos de soja (FS) analisados. O FS 10 apresentou menor (P<0,05) teor de MS (86,72%) em relação aos FS 2, 4, 5, 6 e 9 (88,96, 90,60, 89,19, 89,08 e 88,72%, respectivamente 2, 4, 5, 6 and 9 (88.96, 90.60, 89.19, 89.08 and 88.72%, respectively). The soybean meal 4 showed less content of Ca (0.31%), while the soybean meals 5 and 7 had higher levels of Ca (0.36 and 0.36, respectively

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“…Por un efecto asociativo, la digestibilidad de otros elementos, se ve también beneficiada y se logra mejorar la digestión de la energía (2,3,4) y de los aminoácidos (5,6) . En la producción de cerdos, el incremento en el aprovechamiento del fósforo es suficiente para justificar el uso de las fitasas y el impacto en la disponibilidad de energía es de consideración (2,4) , mientras que, en el caso de los aminoácidos, los beneficios son cuestionables (7,8,9) porque la magnitud de mejoría en los coeficientes de digestibilidad es relativamente pequeña y muy variable (10) , dependiendo del ingrediente, de la dieta y del aminoácido de que se trate (11,12,13) .…”

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“…Por ejemplo, el incremento promedio en la digestibilidad ileal verdadera o estandarizada de todos los aminoácidos esenciales por efecto de fitasa, puede estar en el orden de 3.5 unidades porcentuales (12,14,15) , pero el coeficiente de variación (CV) de la digestibilidad inherente llegar a más del 30 % (12) . En la práctica, no se pondera la variación por la potencial liberación de aminoácidos a la acción de las fitasas y normalmente se asignan valores matriciales, lo que equivale a una reducción fija de la demanda y, por lo tanto, del aporte de nutrientes por los ingredientes, que redunda en un ahorro en el costo de las dietas.…”

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Un estudio de las estrategias de asignación de valor de aminoácidos a las fitasas

Alvarado¹,

Montañez²,

Varela

et al. 2015

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de cerdos sometidos a una reducción de aminoácidos en la dieta. Durante 63 días, con un total de 96 cerdos en dos bloques y con peso inicial promedio de 42.7±4.58 kg, se estudiaron seis tratamientos producto de un arreglo factorial 2 × 3 (2 dietas, CP= dieta convencional y CN= dieta reducida en aminoácidos) y (3 equipares de fitasa: 0, sin fitasa; Fitasa A y Fitasa B). Semanalmente se registró el consumo de alimento; los cerdos se pesaron en intervalos de 21 días y se midió la profundidad de grasa y del músculo largo dorsal con un ultrasonido de tiempo real al inicio y final del ensayo; en los días 10, 31 y 52 del experimento, se determinó además la concentración plasmática de nitrógeno de urea. No hubo efectos en ninguna de las variables productivas (P>0.15), excepto en la eficiencia alimenticia acumulada a los 63 días (P<0.08), donde los tratamientos con fitasa fueron superiores. En la utilización de nutrientes, sólo hubo efecto de la dieta para lisina digestible (P<0.03), pero las concentraciones plasmáticas de nitrógeno de urea fueron las mismas (P<0.18). En conclusión, reducir la concentración de aminoácidos en dietas para cerdos desde los 40 kg de peso corporal, no afecta el comportamiento productivo por su capacidad para compensar diferencias en la densidad de nutrientes por el consumo; así el uso de fitasas debe proyectarse por la liberación de P y de energía.PALABRAS CLAVE: Cerdos, Crecimiento, Comportamiento productivo, Fitasa, Aminoácidos. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of growing pigs fed reduced amino acids diets by the use of phytase. During 63 d (three 21 d feeding phases), a total of 96 pigs in two blocks (consecutive farrowing groups), of an average initial weight of 42.7 ± 4.58 kg, were randomized to six treatments which consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (conventional diet, a positive control= CP or reduced in amino acids by the addition of phytase, a negative control= CN) and (3 leads of phytase: 0, Phytase A or Phytase B). Weekly feed intake was recorded. At start and the end of each feeding-phase pigs were weighed and fat and muscle depths were measured using real time ultrasound. At the end of each feeding phase, blood samples were drawn to determine plasma urea nitrogen. Aside for final feed efficiency, which was slightly improved by phytase (P<0.08), there were no significant effects on any of the dependent variables during the 63 d trial (P>0.15). On the efficiency of utilization of nutrients, there was an obvious effect by level of digestible lysine (P<0.03), better in the lower lysine diets, although plasma urea nitrogen levels were the same for all treatments (P<0.18). In conclusion, a slight reduction in the concentration of amino acids, nor the addition of phytase to diets for pigs from 40 kg of body weight affect productive performance due to the inherent variation of the apportion and of the requirements.

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Regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Use of carbohydrases in corn-soybean meal based grower-finisher pig diets

Use of carbohydrases in corn-soybean meal based grower-finisher pig diets

Características químicas e valores energéticos de farelos de soja do oeste e sudoeste do Paraná

Un estudio de las estrategias de asignación de valor de aminoácidos a las fitasas

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